NLRP3 inhib 
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  • ||||||||||  Journal:  MiR-223-3p inhibits rTp17-induced inflammasome activation and pyroptosis by targeting NLRP3. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    Most importantly, a notable negative correlation was observed between miR-223-3p and NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β, respectively, in the serum of syphilis patients and healthy controls. Taken together, our results reveal that miR-223-3p targets NLRP3 to suppress inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in T pallidum-infected endothelial cells, implying that miR-223-3p could be a potential target for syphilis patients.
  • ||||||||||  pioglitazone / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Scutellarin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response in mice. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    These data indicate that LPP ameliorates gut barrier damage, activates the microbiota-SCFA-FFAR signaling cascade, and suppresses the TLR4/NLRP3-NF-κB pathway, and therefore, LPP supplementation could be a promising way to protect the intestinal tract. Scu protects against DCM in STZ-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and might be a potential therapeutic agent to treat DCM.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Cerebrospinal fluid cells immune landscape in multiple sclerosis. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    Our study identified the change in the CNS immune microenvironment of MS cases by analysis of the in silico data using CIBERSORT. Our data may assist in providing directions for further research as to the molecular mechanisms of MS and provide future potential therapeutic targets in treatment.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Implication of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Bovine Age-Related Sarcopenia. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2021   
    Moreover, we found a statistically significant age-related increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 suggesting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Taken together, our data suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome components may be normally expressed in skeletal muscle, but its priming and activation during aging may contribute to enhance a pro-inflammatory environment altering normal muscular anabolism and metabolism.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Soluble uric acid induces myocardial damage through activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2021   
    In addition, the tlr6 knockdown rats suffering from hyperuricemia showed the lower level of IL-1β and an ameliorative cardiac function. These findings suggest that sUA activates NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiomyocytes and they may provide one therapeutic strategy for myocardial damage induced by sUA.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  NLRP3 inflammasome in endothelial dysfunction. (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2021   
    Furthermore, we highlighted the contribution of noncoding RNAs to NLRP3 inflammasome activation-associated endothelial dysfunction, and outlined potential clinical drugs targeting NLRP3 inflammasome involved in endothelial dysfunction. Collectively, this summary provides recent developments and perspectives on how NLRP3 inflammasome interferes with endothelial dysfunction and the potential research value of NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential mediator of endothelial dysfunction.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Salvianolic acid B alleviates myocardial ischemic injury by promoting mitophagy and inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2021   
    In vitro, the results of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, JC‑1 staining, western blotting and TUNEL assays showed that Sal B treatment significantly inhibited intracellular ROS production, increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, regulated the expression of mitophagy‑related proteins, inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibited apoptosis in H9C2 cells. In conclusion, these findings indicated that Sal B exerted protective effects against myocardial ischemic injury by promoting mitophagy and maintaining mitochondrial function.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg., hydroxychloroquine / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine: an inflammasome inhibitor in severe COVID-19? (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2021   
    We surveyed the potential inhibitory effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on inflammasome. Studies indicate that one of the possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is inhibition of the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome.
  • ||||||||||  doxycycline / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Reticulocalbin 3 deficiency in alveolar epithelium attenuated LPS-induced ALI via NFκB signaling. (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2021   
    We examined the role of Rcn3 in the alveolar inflammatory response by using mice with a selective deletion of Rcn3 in alveolar epithelial cells upon doxycycline administration...The studies conducted in MLE12 cells consistently showed that Rcn3 knockdown blunted the activations of NFκB signaling and NLRP3-dependent inflammasome upon LPS exposure. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel role for Rcn3 in regulating the alveolar inflammatory response to pulmonary infection via the NFκB/NLRP3/inflammasome axis and shed additional light on the mechanism of ARDS/ALI.
  • ||||||||||  Zanosar (streptozocin) / Teva
    Journal:  Bletilla striata Polysaccharide Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing Through Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome. (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2021   
    DM mouse models were induced by high fat-diet feeding combined with low-dose streptozocin injection...Furthermore, treatment with IL-1β almost completely suppressed the beneficial effects of BSP on the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β secretion, and insulin sensitivity in HG-treated BMDMs-CMECs. BSP promotes DFU healing through inhibition of the HG-activated NLRP3 inflammasome.
  • ||||||||||  [VIRTUAL] αA-Crystallin modulates neuroinflammation in retina via stress specific inflammatory pathways () -  May 13, 2021 - Abstract #ARVO2021ARVO_3881;    
    The data gathered in this study demonstrate the central regulatory role of αA-crystallin and its modulation by phosphorylation on T148 in retinal MGC. This study demonstrates that αA-crystallin can dampen sustained expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through modulation of multiple key inflammatory pathways, therefore, suggesting its potential as therapeutic target for modulation of chronic neuroinflammation.
  • ||||||||||  [VIRTUAL] Arginase Isoforms and Diabetic Retinopathy in the db/db Mouse () -  May 13, 2021 - Abstract #ARVO2021ARVO_2924;    
    These results are consistent with our hypothesis that A1 and A2 are linked to the pathophysiology of DR in the db/db mouse, as elevated A1 and A2 correlate with increased markers of hypoxia, inflammation, neurodegeneration in db/db mouse retina compare to controls. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanistic effects of A1/A2 on the pathogenesis of db/db DR.
  • ||||||||||  [VIRTUAL] Airborne particulate matter topical exposure triggers ocular hypertension () -  May 13, 2021 - Abstract #ARVO2021ARVO_1510;    
    This study provides novel evidence that PM2.5 has a direct toxic effect on intraocular tissues and may contribute to the initiation and development of ocular hypertension. This occurs as a result of increased oxidative stress and the subsequent induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated pyroptosis signaling pathway in trabecular meshwork cells.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  IMMUNOREGULATION OF THE DECIDUALIZATION PROGRAM: FOCUS ON THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2021   
    However, the sterile inflammatory response should be later controlled in favour of a tolerogenic microenvironment to sustain pregnancy. In accordance, alterations of the ER stress and UPR processes can be reflected in recurrent implantation failures (RIF), recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) or complications associated with deficient placentation, such as preeclampsia (PE).
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Synthesis and evaluation of NLRP3-inhibitory sulfonylurea [C]MCC950 in healthy animals. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2021   
    Despite preclinical efficacy in neurodegeneration studies, preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in mouse, rat and rhesus monkey revealed poor brain uptake of low molar activity [C]MCC950 and rapid washout. In silico prediction tools suggest efflux transporter liabilities for MCC950 at microdoses, and this information should be taken into account when developing next generation NLRP3 inhibitors and/or PET radiotracers.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Soy isoflavones ameliorate experimental colitis by targeting ERα/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2021   
    Furthermore, ERα blockade ameliorated DSS-induced inflammatory responses in the intestine, and SIFs markedly suppressed the expression of ERα in a dose-dependent manner. Our study demonstrated that the protective therapeutic action of SIFs on DSS-induced colitis depended on inhibition of ERα and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and SIFs are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of colitis.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Calhex231 ameliorates myocardial fibrosis post myocardial infarction in rats through the autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in macrophages. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2021   
    Calhex231 and 3-Methyladenine (a specific inhibitor of autophagy) attenuated both autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation; however, the caspase-1 inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK did not. Our study indicated that Calhex231 improved cardiac function and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis post MI, likely via the inhibition of autophagy-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation; this provides a new therapeutic target for ventricular remodelling-related cardiovascular diseases.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Tanshinone IIA attenuates atherosclerosis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2021   
    Mechanically, Tan IIA inhibited NF-κB activation to downregulate pro-interleukin (IL) -1β and NLRP3 expression, and decreased oxLDL-induced expression of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), thereby attenuating oxLDL cellular uptake and subsequent induction of mitochondrial and lysosomal damage - events that promote the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Through regulating both the inflammasome 'priming' and 'activation' steps, Tan IIA potently inhibited oxLDL-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby ameliorating atherogenesis.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Inflammasome Regulation: Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2021   
    Thus, an appropriate regulation of inflammasomes might be a promising therapeutic strategy for IBD intervention. This review aims at summarizing the main findings in these studies and provide an outline for further studies that might contribute to our understanding of the role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis and therapeutic treatment of IBD.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Impact of Stress on Epilepsy: Focus on Neuroinflammation-A Mini Review. (Pubmed Central) -  May 13, 2021   
    Here, we summarize studies investigating acute and chronic stress as a seizure trigger and an important factor that worsens epilepsy outcomes and psychiatric comorbidities. Mechanistic insight into the impact of stress on epilepsy may create a window of opportunity for future interventions targeting neuroinflammation-related disorders.