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- | Review, Journal: Functional crosstalk between non-canonical caspase-11 and canonical NLRP3 inflammasomes during infection-mediated inflammation. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2020
Because the ligands and the mechanisms for the activation of these two inflammasomes are different, studies till date have separately described their roles, although recent studies have reported the functional cooperation between these two inflammasomes during an inflammatory response. This review discusses the studies investigating the functional crosstalk between non-canonical caspase-11 and canonical NLRP3 inflammasomes in the context of inflammatory responses; moreover, it provides insight for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics to prevent and treat infectious and inflammatory diseases.
- | Journal: Ethanol and its metabolites: update on toxicity, benefits, and focus on immunomodulatory effects. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2020
The section dealing with the beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption (on cardiovascular system, diabetes, the nervous system and sensory organs, autoimmune diseases, and rheumatology) highlights the importance of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in these observations. This knowledge, enriched by a focus on the immunomodulatory effects of ethanol and its metabolites, in particular on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, might facilitate the development of treatments that can reduce ethanol's harmful effects or accentuate its beneficial effects.
- | Journal: Eicosapentaenoic acid prevents inflammation induced by acute cerebral infarction through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2020
EPA exerts beneficial effect on ACI-induced inflammation through blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation by GPR40 and GPR120. Our findings suggest the potential clinical use of EPA in ACI.
- | Journal: Initial periodontal treatment affects nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 3 inflammasome priming in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 7, 2020
Our findings suggest the potential clinical use of EPA in ACI. Periodontal treatment altered the inflammasome priming status of the PBMCs, however, the effects on systemic diseases need to be further investigated.
- | Journal: Epithelial PI3K-δ Promotes House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Asthma in NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent and -Independent Manners. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 6, 2020
Periodontal treatment altered the inflammasome priming status of the PBMCs, however, the effects on systemic diseases need to be further investigated. The results of this study suggest that PI3K-δ-isoform can promote HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation via NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent response as well as via NLRP3 inflammasome-independent epithelial cell activation.
- | Journal: Inhibition of Amyloid-Beta Production, Associated Neuroinflammation, and Histone Deacetylase 2-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications Prevent Neuropathology in Alzheimer's Disease in vitro Model. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 6, 2020
We have also observed that mithramycin A (MTM), an HDAC2 inhibitor, significantly upregulated the synaptic plasticity gene expression and downregulated HDAC2 in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (SH-APP cells). Therefore, the introduction of these agents targeting Aβ production, NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation, and HDAC2 levels will have a translational significance in the prevention of neuroinflammation and associated neurodegeneration in AD patients.
- | Journal: Mitochondrial DNA Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Type 1 Diabetes. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 6, 2020
NLRP3 deficiency prevents diabetes-associated vascular inflammatory damage and endothelial dysfunction. Our study highlights the importance of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction, which is key to diabetic complications.
- | Journal: α-synuclein promotes progression of Parkinson's disease by upregulating autophagy signaling pathway to activate NLRP3 inflammasome. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 6, 2020
The expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were inhibited after the addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. α-synuclein mediates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in PD patients by upregulating Atg5 protein expression.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO Biomarker: Effects of irisin on osteoblast apoptosis and osteoporosis in postmenopausal osteoporosis rats through upregulating Nrf2 and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 6, 2020
The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Nrf2 in the irisin group was remarkably higher than those in the OP group, while that of NLRP3 was the opposite. irisin can upregulate Nrf2, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and lower the content of inflammatory factors, thereby suppressing osteoblast apoptosis in postmenopausal OP rats and reducing the incidence of postmenopausal OP.
- | Journal: Effect of pulegone on the NLPR3 inflammasome during inflammatory activation of THP-1 cells. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 6, 2020
It was hypothesized that pulegone first inhibits ROS signaling, to then inhibit NLRP3 expression as a downstream event. It appeared that NLRP3 may be situated further downstream and represented the link between inflammation and immunity.
- | tacrolimus / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Tacrolimus reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 6, 2020
The protein content of NLRP3, ASC, Casp-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in the aorta in ApoE mice was remarkably increased, and they were inhibited to some extent after tacrolimus intervention. In conclusion, it is speculated that tacrolimus may reduce the formation of AS through inhibiting ROS in macrophages and activation of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles and reducing the release of IL-1β and IL-18.
- || Review, Journal: Crosstalk Between Acid Sphingomyelinase and Inflammasome Signaling and Their Emerging Roles in Tissue Injury and Fibrosis. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 6, 2020
Here, we will discuss the current understanding of the ASM-ceramide system in inflammasome activation, and how it contributes to multiple diseases. Insights into such mechanisms would pave the way for further exploration of novel diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic targets against tissue injury and fibrosis.
- | Journal: Oleic acid ameliorates palmitic acid induced hepatocellular lipotoxicity by inhibition of ER stress and pyroptosis. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 6, 2020
Palmitic acid induced predominant pyroptosis in HepG2 cells, and ER stress may be responsible for the induction of pyroptosis and subsequent cell death. Monounsaturated oleic acids were able to ameliorate hepatocellular lipotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, and OA mediated inhibition of ER stress and pyroptosis may be the underlying mechanisms.
- || Clinical: #WSAAI Somatic Mosaicism is known to occur at NLRP3 - likely explains some adult onset disease likes FCAS and MWS. (Twitter) - Feb 4, 2020
- Whole-genome sequencing of 74 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates of serotype 19A reviewed strong coincidence between sequence types and sequence identities of cps loci and high variability of the genes associated with antibiotic resistance carried by integrative and conjugative elements () - Feb 4, 2020 - Abstract #ECCMID2020ECCMID_686;
Detailed sequencing of particular integrative and conjugative elements could further elucidate dynamics of clones associated with macrolide resistance. The work was supported by AZV ČR, project No. 16-27109A
- The foxo1-hedgehog signaling axis regulates nlrp3 inflammasome activation in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (Poster Area) - Feb 2, 2020 - Abstract #EASLILC2020EASL-ILC_898;
- | Journal: p66Shc Contributes to Liver Fibrosis through the Regulation of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 1, 2020
More importantly, p66Shc expression was significantly increased in human with liver fibrosis, accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. p66Shc is a key regulator of liver fibrosis by mediating mitochondrial ROS production, which triggers NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
- | Alverix (amiloride hydrochloride) / Remedica
Journal: ENaC-mediated sodium influx exacerbates NLRP3-dependent inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 1, 2020
Overexpression of b-ENaC, in the absence of CFTR dysfunction, increased NLRP3-mediated inflammation, indicating that dysregulated, ENaC-dependent signalling may drive exaggerated inflammatory responses in CF. These data support a role for sodium in modulating NLRP3-inflammasome activation.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Chronic amyloid β oligomer infusion evokes sustained inflammation and microglial changes in the rat hippocampus via NLRP3. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 31, 2020
These findings provide evidence that in response to AβO infusion microglia change their phenotype, but the resulting inflammatory changes are sustained for at least one month after the end of AβO challenge. Lasting NLRP3-driven inflammatory alterations and altered hippocampal gene expression contribute to spatial memory decline.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO Biomarker: Modulation of hepatic inflammation and energy-sensing pathways in the rat liver by high-fructose diet and chronic stress. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 31, 2020
High-fructose diet resulted in glucose intolerance, hepatic inflammation, decreased AMPK activity and reduced insulin sensitivity. Chronic stress alone did not exert such effects, but when applied together with high-fructose diet it could partially prevent fructose-induced inflammation, presumably due to increased hepatic glucocorticoids.
- | AZD1208 / AstraZeneca
Journal: Pim-1 as a therapeutic target in human lupus nephritis. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 31, 2020
Chronic stress alone did not exert such effects, but when applied together with high-fructose diet it could partially prevent fructose-induced inflammation, presumably due to increased hepatic glucocorticoids. These data identify Pim-1 as a critical regulator of LN pathogenesis and targeting Pim-1/NFATc1/NLRP3 pathway might be a therapy for human LN.
- | Journal: Molecular genetic evaluation of NLRP3, MVK and TNFRSF1A associated periodic fever syndromes. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 31, 2020
We suggest that new studies are needed to evaluate the effects of these variants more clearly. To be able to demonstrate a clearer genotype-phenotype relationship, all PFS-related genes should be analysed together and the possibility of polygenic inheritance should be considered.
- | Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) / Generic mfg.
Journal, IO Biomarker: Sulfasalazine as an Immunomodulator of the Inflammatory Process during HIV-1 Infection. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 31, 2020
To be able to demonstrate a clearer genotype-phenotype relationship, all PFS-related genes should be analysed together and the possibility of polygenic inheritance should be considered. Our results suggest that SSZ has an immunomodulatory effect on inflammasome and TLR activation that depends on the clinical HIV status.
- | Journal: Rac1 GTPase Inhibition Blocked Podocyte Injury and Glomerular Sclerosis during Hyperhomocysteinemia via Suppression of Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Containing Pyrin Domain 3 Inflammasome Activation. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 30, 2020
In animal studies, hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) induced by folate-free diet was shown to induce NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation in glomeruli, which was also mimicked by UTP and inhibited by NSC23766 to a comparable level seen in Nlrp3 gene knockout mice. These results together suggest that Rac1 inhibition protects the kidney from hHcy-induced podocyte injury and glomerular sclerosis due to its action to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation in podocytes.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO Biomarker: Mechanism of microglia promoting retinal ganglion cell death in vitro (Pubmed Central) - Jan 30, 2020
TLR4-caspase-8-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is activated in microglia exposed to OGD/R, resulting in the production of IL-1β, thereby contributing to the death of RGCs. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 32-40).
- | Journal: 13-Methylberberine improves endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via autophagy induction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 30, 2020
13-MB exerts cytoprotective effects in an HO-induced cell injury model by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via autophagy induction in HUVECs. These anti-inflammatory and autophagy induction activities may provide valuable evidence for further investigating the potential role of 13-MB in atherosclerosis.
- | Journal: Time-Course Transcriptome Analysis of Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reveals That Fusobacterium nucleatum Triggers Oncogene Expression in the Process of Cell Differentiation. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 30, 2020
The results indicated that these genes were regulated by several miRNAs, such as miR-372-3p, miR-603, and miR-495-3p, and several TFs, including CREB3, GATA2, and SOX4. Our study suggests that long-term stimulation by F. nucleatum may trigger the expression of cancer-related genes in normal gingiva-derived stem cells.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Intermittent Fasting Improves Glucose Tolerance and Promotes Adipose Tissue Remodeling in Male Mice Fed a High Fat Diet. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 29, 2020
IF increased mRNA levels of matrix metallopeptidase 9, which is involved in extracellular matrix degradation, and reduced mRNA levels of collagen 6 alpha-1 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metallopeptidase 1, and fibrosis in gonadal fat in HFD fed mice. In summary, our results show that intermittent fasting improved glucose tolerance in chow and high-fat diet fed mice, and ameliorated adipose tissue inflammation and fibrosis in high-fat diet fed mice.
- | low molecular weight dextran sulfate (ILB) / TikoMed
Journal: L-Fucose ameliorates DSS-induced acute colitis via inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-kB activation. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 29, 2020
We studied the anti-inflammatory effects of L-fucose on Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in vivo and on LPS/ATP-induced bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) damage in vitro...Finally, L-fucose can inhibit the expression of p-NF-kB in vivo and in vitro. Overall, our results show that L-fucose can attenuate colitis by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-kB activation, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- | sirolimus / Generic mfg.
Journal: The neuroprotection of progesterone against Aβ-induced NLRP3-Caspase-1 inflammasome activation via enhancing autophagy in astrocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 29, 2020
However, pharmacological activation of autophagy by Rapamycin (RAPA) efficiently suppressed Aβ-, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced IL-1β expression via regulating NLRP3-Caspase-1 inflammasome in astrocytes...Taken together, our observations suggest that autophagy-lysosome pathway is one specific molecular mechanism in regulating Aβ-induced NLRP3-Caspase-1 inflammasome activation in astrocytes, particularly uncover the potential neuroprotection of PG in regulating upstream signaling leading to the sequence events of neuroinflammation. That neuroprotective mechanism of PG in regulating NLRP3-Caspase-1 inflammasome can be a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating the pathological procession of AD.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Neuroprotective effect of glycosides in Buyang Huanwu Decoction on pyroptosis following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 29, 2020
Glycosides exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting pyroptosis of neurons after cerebral I/R injury. The underlying mechanism of action is closely related to the regulation of the classical pyroptosis pathway by NLRP3.
- | Preclinical, Journal: The selective NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 reduces myocardial fibrosis and improves cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 29, 2020
The underlying mechanism of action is closely related to the regulation of the classical pyroptosis pathway by NLRP3. MCC950, as a specific NLRP3 inhibitor, can alleviate fibrosis and improve cardiac function in a mouse model by suppressing early inflammatory responses post-MI.
- | Biomarker, Journal: Enhanced NLRP3 and DEFA1B Expression During the Active Stage of Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet's Disease. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 29, 2020
Immunological factors showing the most significant increase in expression during NBD attacks were primarily associated with innate immunity functions. DEFA1B and NLRP3 can be used as biomarkers for estimation of disease activity in NBD.
- | Journal: Expressions of Thioredoxin Interacting Protein/Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain-like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome in the Sciatic Nerve of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats (Pubmed Central) - Jan 29, 2020
Results The expression of TXNIP protein in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats was 3.78±0.08,which significantly increased than that in the normal control group(0.99±0.06)(t=26.980,P<0.0001).Compared with the normal control group(0.97±0.05),the expression of NLRP3 protein in the diabetic group(2.44±0.16)was significantly higher(t=8.885,P<0.0001).The expression of cleaved caspase-1 was 4.45±0.19 in the diabetic group and 1.08±0.06 in the normal control group,and the difference was significant(t=16.900,P<0.0001).The expression of IL-1β protein in the diabetic group(4.50±0.16)was significantly higher than that(1.19±0.08)in the normal control group(t=18.630,P<0.0001).Compared with the normal control group,the levels of IL-1β [(110.50±8.80)pg/ml vs.(17.97±3.18)pg/ml,t=9.892,P<0.0001] and IL-18 [(591.70±8.78)pg/ml vs.(160.70±8.33)pg/ml,t=35.620,P<0.0001] in the serum of diabetic rats significantly increased. Conclusion The pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy may be related to increased expression of TXNIP,activation of NLRP3 inflammasome,and downstream inflammation,which may provide a new target for diabetic peripheral neuropathy therapy.
- | Journal: A Membrane Potential- and Calpain-Dependent Reversal of Caspase-1 Inhibition Regulates Canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 29, 2020
Therefore, the MP/Ca/calpain/Caspase-1 axis acts as an independent regulatory mechanism for NLRP3 activity. This finding provides mechanistic insight into high K-mediated inhibition of NLRP3 activation, and it offers an alternative model of NLRP3 inflammasome activation that does not involve K efflux.
- | Journal: Saturated fatty acids induce NLRP3 activation in human macrophages through K efflux resulting from phospholipid saturation and Na, K-ATPase disruption. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2020
This SFA-induced membrane remodeling promotes a disruption of the plasma membrane Na, K-ATPase, instigating a K efflux essential and sufficient for NLRP3 activation. This work opens novel therapeutic avenues to interfere with Western diet-associated diseases such as those targeting the glycerolipid pathway.
- | Journal: RIPK2-Mediated Autophagy and Negatively Regulated ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling in GMCs Stimulated with High Glucose. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2020
Autophagy was activated by high glucose at short time periods but was inhibited in the long term, demonstrating a dual role for high glucose in autophagy of GMCs. RIPK2 regulates ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome signaling through autophagy and may be involved in the pathogenesis of DN.
- | Journal: miR-590-3p Inhibits Pyroptosis in Diabetic Retinopathy by Targeting NLRP1 and Inactivating the NOX4 Signaling Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2020
Intriguingly, the upregulation of IL-1β induced the downregulation of miR-590-3p by lowering the DNA promoter activity of pri-miR-590. HG induced pyroptosis in a cell culture model of DR, and the downregulation of miR-590-3p promoted pyroptotic death by targeting NLRP1 and activating the NOX4/ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway via an IL-1β-mediated positive feedback loop.
- | Journal: Particulate matters induce acute exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation via the TLR2/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 28, 2020
Our results indicated that PMs exacerbate the allergic airway inflammation mediated by the TLR2/ NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB seems to be a possible treatment.
- Kineret (anakinra) / SOBI, Affibody
BTK DEFICIENCY LEADS TO NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME DYSREGULATION AND CAUSES MURINE EXPERIMENTAL AND HUMAN IL-1B- MEDIATED COLITIS () - Jan 28, 2020 - Abstract #DDW2020DDW_2892;
Overall, these studies suggest that the activation of BTK in macrophages/dendritic cells serves as a physiologic mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome regulation in that it blocks the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In addition, they provide an explanation for the fact that patients with XLA lacking functional BTK are prone to develop intestinal inflammation which may be amenable to treatment with anti-IL1beta
- THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA AND NLRP3 ACTIVATION AFFECTS THE SEVERITY OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN MICE () - Jan 28, 2020 - Abstract #DDW2020DDW_2840;
With strengthened gut barrier and decreased systematic inflammation, NLRP3 KO mice showed less severe AP as revealed by reduced pancreatic neutrophilic infiltration and necrosis. Conclusion This study identified the activation of NLRP3 by gut microbiota as well as the modulation of gut microbiota by NLRP3 knockout in the progression of AP, which suggest the underlying mechanism of AP-induced gut dysfunction and the critical role of maintaining gut homeostasis in AP recovery.
- indomethacin / PLx Pharma Inc, Generic mfg.
DEOXYCHOLIC ACID ENHANCES INTESTINAL LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATION TO VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM BY DIRECT INCREASE IN EXPRESSIONS OF ICAM-I AND VCAM-1 THROUGH SPHINGOSINE-1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR 2 () - Jan 28, 2020 - Abstract #DDW2020DDW_2414;
1) The effect of BA on indomethacin (IND)-induced enteritis: C57BL / 6 mice were used... DCA enhanced expressions of ICAM-I and VCAM-1 partially via direct stimulation on S1PR2 on vascular endothelium, leading to enhanced intestinal lymphocytes migration
- Composite targeting of nuclear receptors protects mice from NAFLD progression towards HCC (ePoster Area) - Jan 27, 2020 - Abstract #EASLHCC2020EASL_HCC_236;
DCA enhanced expressions of ICAM-I and VCAM-1 partially via direct stimulation on S1PR2 on vascular endothelium, leading to enhanced intestinal lymphocytes migration In conclusion, either INT-767 or antagomiR-21 alone prevent NAFLD progression, with combined targeting more effectively preventing progression towards pre-neoplastic lesions and, ultimately, HCC, thus embodying a putative therapeutic strategy.
- || Clinical, Journal: Adults with septic shock and extreme hyperferritinemia exhibit pathogenic immune variation. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2020
In these conditions, seven of the identified variants are currently targeted with IL1RA and four with anti-C5 antibody. Gene-targeted precision medicine may benefit this subgroup of patients with septic shock and pathogenic immune variation.
- RILPIVIRINA EXERCISES ITS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION IN CELLS NO HEPATIC PARENQUIMALS THROUGH INFLAMASOME INHIBITION NLRP3 () - Jan 27, 2020 - Abstract #AEEH2020AEEH_161;
- | Journal: New insights in neutrophilic asthma. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2020
This is in stark contrast with the lack of efficacy of different therapies targeting neutrophil chemotaxis and/or signalling cascade, such as IL-17A or CXCR2. Macrolide therapy might be a useful add-on therapy for patients with persistent asthma.
- || Clinical, Journal: Identification of a de novo NLRP3 gene variation in an Italian Behçet syndrome patient. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 27, 2020
This variation was a thymine to guanine polymorphism responsible for the isoleucine to serine amino acid change at position 348. The novel variation was predicted to be a pathogenic allele.
- | Journal: Correction: β-arrestin1 Is Critical for the Full Activation of NLRP3 and NLRC4 Inflammasomes. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 26, 2020
The novel variation was predicted to be a pathogenic allele. No abstract available
- | Journal: Evidence that NLRC4 Inflammasome Mediates Apoptotic and Pyroptotic Microglial Death Following Ischemic Stroke. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 25, 2020
In addition, a functional role for NLRC4 inflammasomes was determined using siRNA knockdown of NLRC4 and pharmacological inhibitors of caspase-1 and -8 to target apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death in BV2 microglial cells under ischemic conditions. In summary, the present study provides evidence that the NLRC4 inflammasome complex mediates the inflammatory response, as well as apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death in microglial cells under in vitro and in vivo ischemic conditions.
- | ketamine / Generic mfg.
Journal: Ketamine may exert antidepressant effects via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome to upregulate AMPA receptors. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 25, 2020
Combination of ketamine and Ac-YVAD-CMK showed no enhanced anti-inflammatory and antidepressant effects than ketamine or Ac-YVAD-CMK administration alone. These results indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome might be an important mediator, through which ketamine could regulate AMPA receptors to exert rapid antidepressant effects.