- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Complex IV- the regulatory center of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 15, 2022
This ,allosteric ATP-inhibition" of phosphorylated and dimeric COX maintains a low and healthy mitochondrial membrane potential (relaxed state), and prevents the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) which are known to cause numerous diseases. Excessive work and stress abolish this feedback inhibition of COX by Ca-activated dephosphorylation which leads to monomerization and movement of NDUFA4 from complex I to COX with higher rates of COX activity and ATP synthesis (active state) but increased ROS formation and decreased efficiency.
- |||||||||| Journal: Antiamoeboid activity of squamins C-F, cyclooctapeptides from Annona globifora. (Pubmed Central) - Jan 7, 2022
All peptides trigger mitochondrial damages, significant inhibition of ATP production compared to the negative control, chromatin condensation and slight damages in membrane that affects its permeability despite it conserves integrity at the IC for 24 h. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in all cases.
- |||||||||| glibenclamide / Generic mfg.
Journal: Vascular K channel structural dynamics reveal regulatory mechanism by Mg-nucleotides. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 23, 2021 Here, we determined cryogenic electron microscopy structures of vascular K channels bound to inhibitory ATP and glibenclamide, which differ informatively from similarly determined pancreatic K channel isoform (Kir6.2/SUR1)...Molecular dynamics simulations reveal MgADP-dependent dynamic tripartite interactions between this linker, SUR2B, and Kir6.1. The structures captured implicate a progression of intermediate states between MgADP-free inactivated, and MgADP-bound activated conformations wherein the glutamate/aspartate-rich linker participates as mobile autoinhibitory domain, suggesting a conformational pathway toward K channel activation.
- |||||||||| Journal: Structure of the ATP synthase from Mycobacterium smegmatis provides targets for treating tuberculosis. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 23, 2021
The auto-inhibitory plus the associated "fail-safe" mechanisms and the modes of attachment of the α-subunits provide targets for development of innovative antitubercular drugs. The structure also provides support for an observation made in the bovine ATP synthase that the transmembrane proton-motive force that provides the energy to drive the rotary mechanism is delivered directly and tangentially to the rotor via a Grotthuss water chain in a polar L-shaped tunnel.
- |||||||||| rasagiline / Generic mfg.
Mao-b inhibition facilitates α-synuclein secretion via an abc transporter-mediated pathway and delays its aggregation (Virtual Only) - Dec 20, 2021 - Abstract #Neuroscience2021Neuroscience_1993; These findings suggest that MAO-B inhibition modulates the intracellular clearance of detergent-insoluble α-syn via the ABC transporter-mediated non-classical secretion pathway in vitro, and temporarily delays the formation and transmission of α-syn aggregates in rat models. We propose a new function of MAO-B inhibition that modulates α-syn secretion and aggregation in PD treatment.
- |||||||||| Evidence for an astrocytic role in somatosensory adaptation (Virtual Only) - Dec 20, 2021 - Abstract #Neuroscience2021Neuroscience_1691;
The effects of astrocyte syncytium dialysis with BAPTA and perfusion with low K + aCSF demonstrate that astrocytes play a significant role in somatosensory adaptation. Pharmacological manipulation suggests that astrocytes may use ATP through P2Y1 receptors to recruit interneuron-mediated inhibition and that endocannabinoids from neurons and/or astrocytes also play a role.; Grant Support: NSERC RGPIN-2020-03971
- |||||||||| gemcitabine / Generic mfg.
TARGETING CELLULAR ENERGETICS IN PANCREATIC DUCTAL ADENOCARCINOMA ([VIRTUAL]) - Dec 17, 2021 - Abstract #APCM2021APCM_77; JAC-B2 is a mitochondrial inhibitor which is orally bioavailable and able to substantially inhibit cancer xenograft growth in in-vivo mouse models. This is most likely mediated through inhibition of mitochondrial gene expression.
- |||||||||| glibenclamide / Generic mfg., rasagiline / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Monoamine oxidase-B inhibition facilitates α-synuclein secretion in vitro and delays its aggregation in rAAV-based rat models of Parkinson's disease. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021 MAO-B inhibition preferentially facilitated the secretion of detergent-insoluble α-syn protein and decreased its intracellular accumulation under chloroquine-induced lysosomal dysfunction...Additionally, MAO-B inhibition by selegiline protected A53T α-synuclein-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal loss and suppressed the formation and cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein aggregates in rat models. We therefore propose a new function of MAO-B inhibition that modulates α-synuclein secretion and aggregation.
- |||||||||| Leukothera (leukotoxin) / Actinobac Biomed
Journal: Leukotoxin (LtxA/Leukothera) induces ATP expulsion via pannexin-1 channels and subsequent cell death in malignant lymphocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Dec 16, 2021 We show that LtxA is able to kill malignant lymphocytes through an apoptotic death pathway which is potentially linked to a Panx1/P2XR mediated necrotic form of death. Thus, inhibition of ATP release appears to significantly delay the onset of LtxA induced apoptosis while completely disabling the necrotic death pathway in T-lymphocytes, demonstrating the crucial role of ATP release in LtxA-mediated cell death.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Glycyrrhizin as a Nitric Oxide Regulator in Cancer Chemotherapy. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 29, 2021
Glycyrrhizin (GL), an active compound of licorice, has been reported to both reduce the MDR effect by inhibiting ATP-dependent pumps and function as a regulator of NO production in the TME. In this review, we describe the potential role of GL as an NO regulator and MDR inhibitor that efficiently reduces the MDR effect in cancer chemotherapy.
- |||||||||| FIRST-IN-CLASS CDC45-MCM-GINS HELICASE INHIBITORS OFFER THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL FOR OSTEOSARCOMA TREATMENT ([VIRTUAL]) - Nov 26, 2021 - Abstract #CTOS2021CTOS_247;
In this review, we describe the potential role of GL as an NO regulator and MDR inhibitor that efficiently reduces the MDR effect in cancer chemotherapy. The discovery of these aminocoumarins as first-in-class, effective CMGi provides an architecture for the development of targeted therapeutics against the hCMG that can be used clinically as innovative interventions in OS management.
- |||||||||| Review, Journal: Multiple Mechanisms Regulate Eukaryotic Cytochrome C Oxidase. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 17, 2021
Most regulatory properties of COX are related to "supernumerary" subunits, which are largely absent in bacterial COX. The "allosteric ATP inhibition of COX" was also recently described in intact isolated rat heart mitochondria.
- |||||||||| Nexletol (bempedoic acid) / Esperion Therap, Otsuka
PK/PD data, Journal: Bempedoic acid. Mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 16, 2021 It has recently been approved as a lipid-lowering drug in combination with diet, with statins, or with other lipid-lowering drugs in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, mixed dyslipidaemia, statin intolerance, or when these are contraindicated. The marketing of bempedoic acid implies, in clinical practice, having a new family of lipid-lowering drugs.
- |||||||||| verapamil / Generic mfg.
Journal: Role of ASM/Cer/TXNIP signaling module in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 4, 2021 This study demonstrated that the ASM/Cer/TXNIP signaling pathway is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results documented that the CD36-dependent NF-κB-TXNIP signaling pathway plays an essential role in the Cer-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in macrophages.
- |||||||||| Journal: Tanshinones induce tumor cell apoptosis via directly targeting FHIT. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 4, 2021
Finally, we demonstrated that depletion of FHIT significantly blocked TSA's pro-apoptotic function in colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Taken together, our study sheds new light on the molecular basis of the anti-cancer effects of the tanshinone compounds.
- |||||||||| doxorubicin hydrochloride / Generic mfg.
Journal: Mitochondria-targeted vitamin E succinate delivery for reversal of multidrug resistance. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 30, 2021 Reported here a versatile mitochondrial-damaging molecule, vitamin E succinate (VES), is creatively utilized to assist MDR reversal of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) via a nanovesicle platform self-assembled from amphiphilic polyphosphazenes containing pH-sensitive 1H-benzo-[d]imidazol-2-yl) methanamine (BIMA) groups...Further in vivo antitumor investigation on nude mice bearing xenograft drug-resistant human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562/ADR tumors verifies the extremely enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of the dual drug-loaded nanovesicle with the tumor inhibition rate (TIR) of 82.38%. Collectively, this study provides a s safe, facile and promising strategy for both precise drug delivery and MDR eradication to improve cancer therapy.
- |||||||||| Journal, Epigenetic controller: Inhibition of ACLY leads to suppression of osteoclast differentiation and function via regulation of histone acetylation. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 28, 2021
With the help of RNA-sequencing, we discovered Rac1 as a downstream regulator of ACLY, which was involved in shACLY-mediated suppression of osteoclast differentiation, cytoskeleton organization and signal transduction and was transcriptionally regulated by ACLY via histone H3 acetylation. To summarize, our results proved that inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase led to suppression of osteoclast differentiation and function via regulation of histone acetylation, Rac1 could be a downstream regulator of ACLY.
- |||||||||| Journal: Cholate Disrupts Regulatory Functions of Cytochrome c Oxidase. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 28, 2021
Consequently, it turns off the "allosteric ATP-inhibition of CytOx", which is reversibly switched on under relaxed conditions via cAMP-dependent phosphorylation and keeps the membrane potential and ROS formation in mitochondria at low levels. This cholate effect gives an insight into the structural-functional relationship of the enzyme with respect to ATP inhibition and its role in mitochondrial respiration and energy production.
- |||||||||| Journal: Recruitment and remodeling of peridroplet mitochondria in human adipose tissue. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 27, 2021
We found similar changes in a mouse model of re-browning where PDM content in whitened brown adipose tissue was increased upon re-browning induced by decreased housing temperature. Taken together, this study demonstrates the existence of PDM as a separate functional entity in humans and that browning in both mice and humans is associated with a robust expansion of peri-droplet mitochondria characterized by increased ATP synthesis linked respiration.
- |||||||||| febuxostat / Generic mfg., allopurinol / Generic mfg., rosuvastatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Febuxostat, But Not Allopurinol, Markedly Raises the Plasma Concentrations of the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Substrate Rosuvastatin. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 20, 2021 Febuxostat may, therefore, serve as a useful index inhibitor of BCRP in drug-drug interaction studies in humans. Moreover, concomitant use of febuxostat may increase the exposure to BCRP substrate drugs and, thus, the risk of dose-dependent adverse effects.
- |||||||||| Preclinical, Journal: Phosphate has dual roles in cross-bridge kinetics in rabbit psoas single myofibrils. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 20, 2021
Finally, we found that the sinusoidal waveform of tension is mostly distorted by second harmonics and that this distortion is closely correlated with production of oscillatory work, indicating that the mechanism of generating force is intrinsically nonlinear. A nonlinear force generation mechanism suggests that the length-dependent intrinsic rate constant is asymmetric upon stretch and release and that there may be a ratchet mechanism involved in the CB cycle.
- |||||||||| Nexletol (bempedoic acid) / Esperion Therap, Otsuka
Journal: Bempedoic acid: mechanism of action (Pubmed Central) - Oct 20, 2021 In a Mendelian randomization study, combined exposure to variants in the ACLY, HMGCR and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 genes produced an additive decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and additive reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of this review is to describe bempedoic acid mechanism of action, and its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics.
- |||||||||| Nexletol (bempedoic acid) / Esperion Therap, Otsuka
[VIRTUAL] Beneficial Effects of Bempedoic Acid Treatment in ADPKD Mice () - Oct 17, 2021 - Abstract #KIDNEYWEEK2021KIDNEY_WEEK_1862; BA significantly reduced kidney injury markers and mTOR and ERK signaling. BA may be a promising new ADPKD therapy, having beneficial effects on disease severity when used alone and with tolvaptan in mice.
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