Thrombin inhib 
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  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  A role for quercetin in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 31, 2021   
    Quercetin has a theoretical, but significant, capability to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 replication, with the results showing this to be the fifth best compound out of 18 candidates. On the basis of the clinical COVID-19 manifestations, the multifaceted aspect of quercetin as both antiinflammatory and thrombin-inhibitory actions, should be taken into consideration.
  • ||||||||||  aspirin / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] THE SAFETY OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICEAL BAND LIGATION IN THE PATIENTS WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE THROMBOCYTOPENIA: A SINGLE TERTIARY AND LIVER TRANSPLANT CENTER EXPERIENCE. (DDW Virtual) -  Mar 15, 2021 - Abstract #DDW2021DDW_3048;    
    There was no statistically significant between the control group and the mild and moderate TCP group in use of aspirin, anti-coagulants, hemoglobin levels, indication of the endoscopy (which includes active bleeding versus screening endoscopy), grade of the varices, number of bands deployed, and the incidence of recurrent bleeding between all groups...The overall difference among the control, mild and moderate TCP groups for intraoperative homeostasis was not significant (31% vs 24% vs 26%, p=0.578).Even with a lower platelet counts, there was no statistically significant increased risk of intra-procedural variceal bleeding or recurrent bleeding between patients with normal platelet counts, mild and moderate TCP. Although most of the patients in the moderate TCP groups received more platelets and FFP transfusion prior to the procedure which could mask the increased risk of variceal bleeding and the need of intra-procedural hemostasis
  • ||||||||||  dabigatran etexilate / Generic mfg.
    [VIRTUAL] SARS-CoV-2 Associated Submassive Pulmonary Embolism Even with the Use of Dabigatran () -  Mar 14, 2021 - Abstract #ATS2021ATS_3920;    
    He also completed a course of Remdesivir and steroids (Decadron) for COVID-19 pneumonia...The patient was discharged home on long-term Apixaban anticoagulation therapy...Our patient presented with submassive PE and DVT even with the use of a therapeutic dose of dabigatran in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This raises the concern about the anticoagulation effect of direct thrombin inhibitors like dabigatran with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  RGD-hirudin-based low molecular weight peptide prevents blood coagulation via subcutaneous injection. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 12, 2021   
    Bio-layer interferometry study showed that there were no significant differences between DTIP and the mutants in thrombin affinity constants, suggesting that it might bind to other sites of thrombin rather than to its active center. Our results demonstrate that DTIP with low molecular weight can prevent thrombosis via subcutaneous injection.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use: A Practical Guide to Common Clinical Challenges. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 10, 2021   
    This review will provide an overview of DOACs and act as a practical reference for clinicians to optimize DOAC use among common challenging scenarios. Topics addressed include (1) appropriate indications; (2) use in patients with specific comorbidities; (3) monitoring parameters; (4) transitioning between anticoagulant regimens; (5) major drug interactions; and (6) cost considerations.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Measuring Fibrinolysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 9, 2021   
    A common finding in hospitalized patients is high levels of D-dimer fibrin breakdown products, indicative of ongoing fibrinolysis. Well-established problems with D-dimer testing standardization signal that we should be cautious in using results from such tests as prognostic indicators or to target therapies.
  • ||||||||||  argatroban / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Functional Characterization of Antithrombin Mutations by Monitoring of Thrombin Inhibition Kinetics. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 7, 2021   
    Subsequently, endogenous thrombin inhibition was stopped by addition of the reversible thrombin inhibitor argatroban and the amount of argatroban-complexed thrombin quantified using an oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assay...Moreover, it was disproportionately prolonged when compared with preparations of wild type AT in plasma, in whom a comparable thrombin half-life of 120.8 s was reached at a distinctly lower AT level of 20%. These findings may help to better understand the increased thrombotic risk of SERPINC1 mutations with near normal AT plasma levels in functional assays.
  • ||||||||||  Biomarker, Journal:  Complement activation and coagulopathy - an ominous duo in COVID19. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 5, 2021   
    Atypical manifestations and varying D-dimer levels seen in different populations bring forth the futility of uniform recommendations for anticoagulant therapy. Further, direct thrombin inhibitors and platelet inhibitors in a patient-specific manner should also be considered.
  • ||||||||||  dabigatran etexilate / Generic mfg.
    Retrospective data, Review, Journal:  Safety of Dabigatran as an Anticoagulant: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 27, 2021   
    The present study suggested that dabigatran may be a suitable alternative to VKAs as an oral anticoagulant. However, more data are necessary to clarify the incidence of other adverse events and serious adverse reactions.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Salidroside inhibits platelet function and thrombus formation through AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 26, 2021   
    Further, addition of GSK3β inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of salidroside on platelet aggregation and clot retraction. In conclusion, salidroside inhibits platelet function and thrombosis via AKT/GSK3β signaling, suggesting that salidroside may be a novel therapeutic drug for treating thrombotic or cardiovascular diseases.
  • ||||||||||  Actemra IV (tocilizumab) / Roche, JW Pharma
    Preclinical, Journal:  SAveRUNNER: A network-based algorithm for drug repurposing and its application to COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 26, 2021   
    These top-ranked drugs include ACE-inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies (e.g., anti-IFNγ, anti-TNFα, anti-IL12, anti-IL1β, anti-IL6), and thrombin inhibitors. Finally, our findings were in-silico validated by performing a gene set enrichment analysis, which confirmed that most of the network-predicted repurposable drugs may have a potential treatment effect against human coronavirus infections.
  • ||||||||||  AndexXa (coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated -zhzo) / Daiichi Sankyo, Alexion Pharma
    Journal:  Andexanet Alfa, the Possible Alternative to Protamine for Reversal of Unfractionated Heparin. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 25, 2021   
    Protamine is the approved reversal agent for heparin with few alternatives under investigation. Although andexanet was designed as an antidote for apixaban and rivaroxaban, in vitro studies show that in a dose-dependent technique, andexanet had near full reversal of heparin, reversed anti-factor Xa activity, and neutralized anticoagulant effects of activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time induced by heparin.
  • ||||||||||  varespladib (A-002) / Anthera
    Journal:  Varespladib (LY315920) neutralises phospholipase A mediated prothrombinase-inhibition induced by Bitis snake venoms. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 20, 2021   
    Our results demonstrate that varespladib strongly neutralises the prothrombinase-inhibiting effects of all venoms tested in this study, and that this prothrombinase-inhibiting mechanism of anticoagulant activity is driven by phospholipase A class toxins in these four species. This study extends previous reports demonstrating varespladib has broad efficacy for treatment of phospholipase A rich snake venoms, indicating it also inhibits their anticoagulant effects mediated by prothrombinase-inhibition.
  • ||||||||||  dabigatran etexilate / Generic mfg.
    Observational data, Journal:  Impact of Dabigatran Treatment on Rotation Thromboelastometry. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 18, 2021   
    In summary, in our study, we have found that the ROTEM variable CT and MCF, when activated with triggers Ex-tem and In-tem, has a strong and highly significant correlation with the plasma dabigatran concentration in a real-life population of AF-patients and could thereby be an alternative to estimate dabigatran concentration in emergency situations. However, additional studies are needed to further validate these findings.
  • ||||||||||  Journal, HEOR:  Comparative effectiveness of oral anticoagulants in everyday practice. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 18, 2021   
    P=N/A
    However, additional studies are needed to further validate these findings. Important benefits in terms of mortality and major bleeding were observed with NOAC versus VKA with no difference among NOAC subtypes.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclic NU172 Analogues: A Biophysical and Biological Insight. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 17, 2021   
    These favorable properties were, however, associated with reduced-even though still significant-anticoagulant activity, suggesting that the conformational constraints introduced upon cyclization were somehow detrimental for protein recognition. These results provide useful information for the design of improved analogues of NU172 and related duplex-quadruplex structures.
  • ||||||||||  Praxbind (idarucizumab) / Boehringer Ingelheim, AndexXa (coagulation factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated -zhzo) / Daiichi Sankyo, Alexion Pharma, Ciraparantag (aripazine) / Norgine, Covis Pharma
    Review, Journal:  Current Strategies for the Management of Bleeding Associated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants and a Review of Investigational Reversal Agents. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 2, 2021   
    For other FXa inhibitors, in the absence of a reversal agent, nonspecific strategies that include PCCs are recommended. The population of patients anticoagulated with DOACs is growing, and we hope that specific reversal agents will improve the approach to management of major bleeding in this population.
  • ||||||||||  remdesivir inhalation / Gilead
    Journal:  Hypothesis: Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a promising treatment option for COVID-19. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 2, 2021   
    As a final point, AAT has an excellent safety profile when administered to patients with AAT deficiency and is dosed intravenously once weekly but also comes in an inhaled preparation. Thus, AAT is an appealing drug candidate to treat COVID-19 and should be studied.
  • ||||||||||  Savaysa (edoxaban) / Daiichi Sankyo
    Journal:  Exploratory Ingestions of Novel Anticoagulants and Antiplatelets: What Is the Risk? (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 30, 2021   
    This DNA origami-based nanoagent represents a promising anticoagulant platform for the hemodialysis treatment of renal diseases. Accidental, exploratory ingestions of these agents seem well tolerated, with no patient developing bleeding complications.
  • ||||||||||  KD 3010 / Kalypsys
    Review, Journal:  Erucic acid, a nutritional PPARδ-ligand may influence Huntington's disease pathogenesis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 30, 2021   
    PPARδ directly involves in the pathogenesis of HD and treatment with a brain-permeable PPARδ-agonist (KD3010) alleviates its severity in mice...Moreover, erucamide, an endogenous EA-amide derivative regulating angiogenesis and water balance, exerts antidepressive and anxiolytic effects in mice. Hitherto, no study has investigated the therapeutic potential of EA in HD and we believe that it strongly merits to be studied in animal models of HD as a potential therapeutic.
  • ||||||||||  dabigatran etexilate / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal:  Monitoring of low dabigatran concentrations: diagnostic performance at clinically relevant decision thresholds. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 23, 2021   
    Sensitivity and specificity in detecting were calculated for DTI (98/92%), BDTI-low (87/95%), ECT (97/96%), BDTI (99/82%) and HTI (86/89%) measurements. Compared to the previously available HTI and BDTI, both novel assays, DTI and BDTI-low, reliably determine low dabigatran plasma concentrations around the clinical decision thresholds with very high sensitivity and specificity.
  • ||||||||||  bivalirudin / Generic mfg.
    Clinical, Journal, Heterogeneity:  Bivalirudin Experience in a Heterogeneous Ventricular Assist Device Population. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 13, 2021   
    Our experience highlights the potential use of bivalirudin in a heterogenous VAD population. Although these initial results suggest some potential role for direct thrombin inhibitors for use in long-term VADs, larger prospective studies are required to support these preliminary observations and to determine who may benefit from direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) and the side effect profile in this patient population.