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  • ||||||||||  Journal:  PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway in endocrine disrupting chemicals-induced apoptosis and autophagy of thyroid follicular cells (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 18, 2021   
    Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a kind of exogenous chemicals widely existing in the environment, which cause serious harm to the environment and human health. At present, the impact of this type of substance on the thyroid has attracted much attention.This review summarized the effects of EDCs on thyroid hormones, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) /protein kinase B (Akt) /mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway and its role in thyroid diseases, and explore the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in EDCs-induced apoptosis and autophagy of thyroid follicular epithelial cells.This paper could provide further understandings for thyroid diseases induced by the autophagy and apoptosis of thyroid follicular epithelial cells.
  • ||||||||||  tamoxifen / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Tumor-associated macrophages increase COX-2 expression promoting endocrine resistance in breast cancer via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 17, 2021   
    It was found that tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells induced more macrophages polarized into TAMs...Furthermore, clinical analysis supported that five-year progression-free survival (PFS) of breast cancer patients with abundant COX-2 expression in TAMs was shorter (p<0.05). Therefore, these results show a positive feedback loop between TAMs and breast cancer cells, suggesting that TAMs and COX-2 may be new therapeutic targets for breast cancer patients suffering from endocrine resistance.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  MicroRNA-126 enhances the biological function of endothelial progenitor cells under oxidative stress via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 16, 2021   
    Moreover, miR-126 participated in the regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (Akt)/ glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling in EPCs, where both pathways were activated after miR-126 overexpression in H2O2-treated EPCs. Overall, we showed that miR-126 promoted the biological function of EPCs under H2O2-induced oxidative stress by activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β and ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which may serve as a new therapeutic approach to treat AMI.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Poly(I:C) preconditioning protects the heart against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through TLR3/PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 16, 2021   
    Moreover, inhibition of p85 PI3K by the administration of LY294002 in vivo and knockdown of Akt by siRNA in vitro significantly abolish poly(I:C) preconditioning-induced cardioprotective effect. In conclusion, our results reveal that poly(I:C) preconditioning exhibits essential protection in myocardial I/R injury via its modulation of TLR3, and the downstream PI3K/Akt signaling, which may provide a potential pharmacologic target for perioperative cardioprotection.
  • ||||||||||  MK-2206 / Merck (MSD)
    Journal:  A liquid culture cancer spheroid model reveals low PI3K/Akt pathway activity and low adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 16, 2021   
    Here, we examined such liquid culture cancer spheroids for the acquisition of apical-basal polarity, sensitivity to an Akt inhibitor (anticancer drug MK-2206) and interaction with ECM...These features agree with the low efficacy of circulating tumour spheroids in the settling step of metastasis. This study demonstrates the feature of anchorage-independent spheroids and validates liquid cultures as a useful method in cancer spheroid research.
  • ||||||||||  temozolomide / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  HIF1α/HIF2α-Sox2/Klf4 promotes the malignant progression of glioblastoma via the EGFR-PI3K/AKT signalling pathway with positive feedback under hypoxia. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 15, 2021   
    Knocking out HIF1α or HIF2α alone resulted in no significant change in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in response to acute hypoxia, but cells showed inhibition of stemness expression and chemosensitization to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment...Finally, HIF1α and HIF2α regulate Sox2 and Klf4, contributing to stemness expression and inducing cell cycle arrest, thus increasing malignancy in GBM. In summary, HIF1α and HIF2α regulate glioblastoma malignant progression through the EGFR-PI3K/AKT pathway via a positive feedback mechanism under the effects of Sox2 and Klf4, which provides a new tumour development model and strategy for glioblastoma treatment.
  • ||||||||||  Mekinist (trametinib) / Novartis
    Preclinical, Journal:  Evolution of MET and NRAS gene amplification as acquired resistance mechanisms in EGFR mutant NSCLC. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 14, 2021   
    Analysis of downstream signaling revealed extracellular signal-related kinase activation that could only be eliminated by trametinib treatment, while Akt activation could be modulated by various combinations of MET, EGFR, and PI3K inhibitors. The combination of an EGFR inhibitor with a MEK inhibitor was identified as a possible treatment option to overcome drug resistance related to NRAS gene amplification.
  • ||||||||||  parsaclisib (INCB50465) / Incyte
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  A Study of INCB050465 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Marginal Zone Lymphoma (CITADEL-204) (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Oct 14, 2021   
    P2,  N=110, Active, not recruiting, 
    Therefore, our results may provide critical evidence that 6-shogaol can be a potential new therapeutic candidate for oral cancer. Trial completion date: Jan 2022 --> Jul 2022 | Trial primary completion date: Jan 2022 --> Jul 2022
  • ||||||||||  Revlimid (lenalidomide) / BMS
    Review, Journal:  Novel Therapy Approaches to Follicular Lymphoma. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 14, 2021   
    Some agents, including the cereblon modulator lenalidomide, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors idelalisib, copanlisib and duvelisib, and the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat have received regulatory approval in the USA or European Union and have entered clinical practice for relapsed FL. Other developments, such as the emergence of immunotherapies including CAR-T cell therapy and bispecific antibodies, are expected to fundamentally change the approach to FL treatment in the future.
  • ||||||||||  Jakafi oral (ruxolitinib) / Novartis, Incyte, Ukoniq (umbralisib) / TG Therap
    Journal:  The delta isoform of PI3K predominates in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and can be targeted effectively with umbralisib and ruxolitinib. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 14, 2021   
    Phospho-specific flow cytometry revealed that dual inhibition had the unique ability to decrease STAT5, ERK, AKT and S6 phosphorylation simultaneously, which offers a mechanistic hypothesis for the enhanced efficacy of the combination treatment. These preclinical data demonstrate promising activity by co-inhibition of PI3K-δ and JAK1/2 and support the use of ruxolitinib + umbralisib combination therapy in CMML under active clinical investigation.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  LY‑294002 enhances the chemosensitivity of liver cancer to oxaliplatin by blocking the PI3K/AKT/HIF‑1α pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 14, 2021   
    The present study investigated the effects of the PI3K inhibitor LY‑294002 and AKT inhibitor MK2206 on the chemosensitivity of oxaliplatin‑resistant liver cancer cells and the molecular mechanism involved...It was concluded that LY‑294002 enhanced the chemosensitivity of liver cancer cells to oxaliplatin by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which may be related to the inhibition of HIF‑1α expression. These findings may have clinical significance for the treatment of oxaliplatin‑resistant liver cancer.
  • ||||||||||  RapaLink-1 / University of California, Revolution Medicines
    Journal:  Rapalink-1 and Hydroxychloroquine Exhibit an Additive Effect in Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma by Inducing Apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 14, 2021   
    These findings not only improve our understanding of the mechanism underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced pathogenic inflammation but also have important implications for developing anti-inflammatory therapies, such as ROS and autophagy inhibitors, for COVID-19 patients. Combined treatment with Rapalink-1 and hydroxychloroquine may be used as a potential therapeutic agent against UPS.
  • ||||||||||  quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  The Effect of si-PKM2 on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Acute Leukemic Cells and Its Molecular Mechanism (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 12, 2021   
    It appears to work by targeting the caspase pathway and by inducing autophagic cell death. PKM2 knockdown can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells, and its molecular mechanism may be related to the PKM2-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR-glycolysis, which suggesting that PKM2 may serve as a molecular target for the prevention and treatment of leukemia.
  • ||||||||||  metformin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Metformin attenuates HO-induced osteoblast apoptosis by regulating SIRT3 via the PI3K/AKT pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 12, 2021   
    The results of the present reveal the pathogenesis of oxidative damage and the therapeutic effect of metformin in postmenopausal osteoporosis. They also suggest that SIRT3 is a potential drug target in the treatment of osteoporosis, with metformin being a candidate drug for modification and/or clinical application.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  LINC01094 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by sponging miR-577 to regulate LIN28B expression and the PI3K/AKT pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 12, 2021   
    Mechanically, LINC01094 acted as an endogenous miR-577 sponge to increase the expression of its target gene, the RNA-binding protein lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B), by decoying the miR-577, thereby activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our findings suggest that LINC01094 plays critical roles in proliferation and metastasis of PC, implying that LINC01094 can be regarded as a new biomarker or therapeutic target for the treatment of PC.