PI3K inhib 
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  • ||||||||||  LY294002 / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  Acacetin Protects Myocardial Cells against Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury through Activation of Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    Moreover, we found that application of acacetin increased activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, whereas cotreatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reversed the inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy induced by acacetin. In conclusion, acacetin mitigated H/R injury by promoting autophagy through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Effects of Different Intensity Exercise on Glucose Metabolism and Hepatic IRS/PI3K/AKT Pathway in SD Rats Exposed with TCDD. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    Meanwhile, both intensity exercise could not effectively alleviate the insulin resistance induced by TCDD, but high intensity exercise could promote compensatory insulin secretion to maintain glucose homeostasis. Although the gene expression of IRS2 was changed in high-intensity exercise groups, the mediation role of the hepatic IRS2/PI3K/AKT pathway in the effects of exercise and TCDD exposure on glucose metabolism remains very limited.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Sea Cucumber Intestinal Peptide Induces the Apoptosis of MCF-7 Cells by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    The results indicate that SCIP inhibits the growth of MCF-7 tumor cells in zebrafish and increases the apoptosis of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Further mechanism studies confirm that SCIP promotes the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and thus promotes the breast cancer cells (MCF-7) apoptosis via inhibition of PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Acupuncture regulates PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and up-regulates cell autophagy to protect sy-novial tissue of adjuvant arthritis rats (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 4, 2022   
    Further mechanism studies confirm that SCIP promotes the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and thus promotes the breast cancer cells (MCF-7) apoptosis via inhibition of PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway. Acupuncture can relieve the inflammatory reactions and joint synovial injury of the affected joint in AA rats which may be associated with its effects in inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and increasing the auto-phagy level of synovial cells.
  • ||||||||||  LY294002 / Eli Lilly
    Journal:  AGEs promote calcification of HASMCs by mediating Pi3k/AKT-GSK3β signaling. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    Cultured HASMCs were divided into five groups: blank control group, dimethyl sulfoxide (vehicle) group, AGEs group, LY294002 (AKT inhibitor) group, and TWS119 (GSK3-β inhibitor) group...In conclusion, AGEs promote calcification of HASMCs, and this effect is ameliorated by inhibition of AKT activity but potentiated by inhibition of GSK3-β activity. Hence, AGEs trigger HASMC calcification by regulating PI3K/AKT-GSK3-β signaling.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  TMEM100 induces cell death in non‑small cell lung cancer via the activation of autophagy and apoptosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    Mechanistically, TMEM100 was demonstrated to induce autophagy in A549 cells via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, whereas inhibiting autophagy using bafilomycin A1 significantly enhanced TMEM100‑induced apoptosis to compensate for the cell death. In conclusion, these findings suggested that TMEM100 may serve as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC and promote autophagy via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
  • ||||||||||  dexamethasone / Generic mfg., paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Dexamethasone enhances the lung metastasis of breast cancer via a PI3K-SGK1-CTGF pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    Importantly, targeting SGK1 with the inhibitor GSK650394 remarkably reduced lung metastasis in this regimen. Our present data provide new insights into Dex-induced breast cancer metastasis and indicate that SGK1 could be a candidate target for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal, IO biomarker:  Synergistic melanoma cell death mediated by inhibition of both MCL1 and BCL2 in high-risk tumors driven by NF1/PTEN loss. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    Because addition of the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax resulted in compensatory upregulation of MCL1, we established a three-drug combination composed of sirolimus, venetoclax, and the MCL1 inhibitor S63845. This well-tolerated drug combination potently and synergistically induces apoptosis in both zebrafish and human NF1/PTEN-deficient melanoma cells, providing preclinical evidence justifying an early-stage clinical trial in patients with NF1/PTEN-deficient melanoma.
  • ||||||||||  Biomarker, Journal:  Adaptor protein XB130 regulates the aggressiveness of cholangiocarcinoma. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 1, 2022   
    Moreover, elevated XB130 expression levels were positive relationship with lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), intrahepatic type of CCA, high TNM staging (stage III, IV), high T classification (T3, T4), and lymph node metastasis. We provide the first evidence that the overexpression of XB130 is associated with tumorigenic properties of CCA cells, leading to CCA progression with aggressive clinical outcomes.
  • ||||||||||  fulvestrant / Generic mfg.
    NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS): A POSSIBLE GAME CHANGER IN METASTATIC BREAST CANCER ([VIRTUAL]) -  Dec 31, 2021 - Abstract #AIOM2021AIOM_43;    
    Although PI3K mutational status for eligibility to Alpelisib can be cheaply studied by RT-PCR, NGS assay can provide wider information about other gene mutations, useful for patients’ selection for clinical trials. In the era of precision medicine, knowing the mutational status of MBC early in patient history can change the therapeutic algorithm.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Flavonoids and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade: A potential crosstalk in anticancer treatment. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 31, 2021   
    The flavonoids exhibit their anticancer activity via different molecular pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR. In the current piece of paper, our focus is to underpin the action of the above-mentioned flavonoids against different cancers, mainly covering in-vitro data, especially through PI3K/Akt/mTOR targeting.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Mechanisms of Pudilan Antiphlogistic Oral Liquid. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2021   
    Both in vivo and in vitro experiments clarified that PDL has anti-inflammatory potency by inhibiting PI3K and p38 phosphorylation and activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results suggested that PDL has an efficient and extensive anti-inflammatory effect, and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms may involve multiple inflammatory-associated signaling pathways, including HIF-1- and TNF-mediated pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Zfx-induced upregulation of UBE2J1 facilitates endometrial cancer progression via PI3K/AKT pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2021   
    Finally, zinc finger X-chromosomal protein (zfx), with high expression in EC tissues, was verified to activate UBE2J1 transcription by binding to UBE2J1 promoter. In conclusion, all facts signified that zfx-induced upregulation of UBE2J1 accelerated the progression of EC via regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which suggested that UBE2J1 might be of great significance in probing into the underlying therapeutic strategies of EC.
  • ||||||||||  Herceptin (trastuzumab) / Roche
    Clinical, Review, Journal, Checkpoint inhibition:  Novel combinatorial strategies for boosting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced breast cancers. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2021   
    Co-treatment with chemotherapy, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) or interleukin-2-βɣ agonist have also produced promising outcomes. This review highlights the latest combinatorial strategies under development for overcoming cancer immune evasion and enhancing the percentage of immunotherapy responders in the different subsets of advanced breast cancers.
  • ||||||||||  fluvastatin / Generic mfg.
    Journal, IO biomarker:  A Novel Ruthenium-Fluvastatin Complex Downregulates SNCG Expression to Modulate Breast Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis via Activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF/MMP9 Pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2021   
    In addition, the complex was able to modify p53 expressions to interfere with apoptosis in the carcinoma of the breast, stimulated by the intrinsic apoptotic path assisted by Bcl2 and Bax in vivo, yet at the same point, controlling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF pathway, as obtained from western blotting, correlates with the MMP9-regulated tumor mechanisms. Our research reveals that ruthenium-fluvastatin chemotherapy may disrupt, rescind, or interrupt breast carcinoma progression by modifying intrinsic apoptosis as well as the antiangiogenic cascade, thereby taking the role of a potential candidate in cancer therapy for the immediate future.
  • ||||||||||  sirolimus / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Impaired Autophagy Induced by oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI Complex through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and eNOS Signaling Pathways Contributes to Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 30, 2021   
    Autophagy was evaluated by examining the expressions of autophagic proteins using western blotting analysis, autophagosome accumulation using transmission electron microscopy, and RFP-GFP-LC3 adenoviral transfection and autophagic flux using lysosome inhibitor chloroquine...3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and rapamycin were used to determine the role of autophagy in oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex-induced endothelial cell dysfunction...Our results suggested that oxLDL/β2GPI/anti-β2GPI complex inhibited endothelial autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and eNOS signaling pathways and further contributed to endothelial cell dysfunction. Collectively, our findings provided a novel mechanism for vascular endothelial injury in AS patients with an antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) background.