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- | Journal: LACTB Regulates PIK3R3 to Promote Autophagy and Inhibit EMT and Proliferation Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 9, 2020
The in vivo results also showed that LACTB modulated CRC tumorigenesis. LACTB can regulate the activity of PIK3R3 to influence the level of PI3K, and it also promotes autophagy and inhibits EMT and proliferation in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
- | Journal: microRNA-582 Potentiates Liver and Lung Metastasis of Gastric Carcinoma Cells Through the FOXO3-Mediated PI3K/Akt/Snail Pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 9, 2020
MiR-582 induced by GATA6-AS1 silencing promotes the growth and metastasis of GC cells by targeting FOXO3 to induce the activation of the PI3K/AKT/Snail signaling pathway. MiR-582 could be a potential molecular therapy target for patients with GC.
- || Piqray (alpelisib) / Novartis
Review, Journal: A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Diagnostic Workup of PIK3CA Mutations in HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 9, 2020
Given the clinical benefit of the PI3Ki alpelisib in patients with PIK3CA mutant HR+/HER2- mBC, determination of tumor PIK3CA mutation status is of importance in managing patients with HR+/HER2- mBC. Prevalence of this mutation and utility of test methodologies likely warrants PIK3CA mutation testing in all patients with this breast cancer subtype via definitive assessment of PIK3CA mutational status.
- | Journal: Convergent Synthesis of PI3K Inhibitor GDC-0908 Featuring Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C‒H Arylation toward Dihydrobenzothienooxepines. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2020
The process features a dihy-drobenzothienooxepine formation via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular direct C-H arylation and a Negishi coupling to construct the key C-C bonds. We further developed a general synthesis of dihydrobenzothienooxepines in good to excellent yields via palladium-catalyzed intramolecular direct C-H arylation, which tolerates both electronically and sterically diverse substituents on the phenyl ring.
- | Herceptin (trastuzumab) / Roche
Journal: HER2-L755S mutation induces hyperactive MAPK and PI3K-mTOR signaling, leading to resistance to HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2020
Here, we showed that HER2-L755S confers hyperactivation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways and resistance to both reversible and irreversible HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We further demonstrated that the HER2 TKIs in combination with MEK inhibitor, AZD6244, or PI3K inhibitor, GDC0941, yield robust killing in HER2-L755S cancer cells, indicating a novel targeted strategy to overcome HER2-L755S resistance to anti-HER2 treatment.
- | paclitaxel / Generic mfg.
Biomarker, Journal: Transgelin 2 promotes paclitaxel resistance, migration and invasion of breast cancer by directly interacting with PTEN and activating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2020
These findings indicate that Transgelin 2 promotes paclitaxel resistance and the migration and invasion of breast cancer by directly interacting with PTEN and activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Transgelin 2 may therefore be useful as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
- | Journal, IO biomarker: The immunoreaction and antioxidant capacity of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) involves the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 and NF-κB signal pathways in response to dietary methionine levels. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 8, 2020
Dietary methionine (0.84%) significantly upregulated renal and hepatic heat stress protein 70 (Hsp70), renal B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene expression levels compared with the 0.40% diet (P < 0.05). In a word, the data represented that 0.84% dietary methionine could enhance the immune and antioxidant capacity of this fish species by inducing PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB pathway.
- | quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
Journal: Lamc1 promotes the Warburg effect in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating PKM2 expression through AKT pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
In addition, Lamc1-induced increase in PKM2 expression was strongly attenuated by a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002 or a si-p110 PI3K, with a significant decrease in GLUT1 and LDHA expression, as well as decreased AKT T308 phosphorylation. Thus, we speculated that Lamc1 was implicated in the progression of HCC probably by regulating PKM2 expression through PTEN/AKT pathway.
- | Biomarker, Journal: PDK1 mediates NOTCH1-mutated head and neck squamous carcinoma vulnerability to therapeutic PI3K/mTOR inhibition. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
Thus, we speculated that Lamc1 was implicated in the progression of HCC probably by regulating PKM2 expression through PTEN/AKT pathway. Our findings suggest that NOTCH1MUT predicts response to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, which may lead to the first biomarker-driven targeted therapy for HNSCC, and that targeting PDK1 sensitizes NOTCH1WT HNSCC to PI3K/mTOR pathway inhibitors.
- | paxalisib (GDC-0084) / Kazia
Journal: The dual PI3K/mTOR-pathway inhibitor GDC-0084 achieves antitumor activity in PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer brain metastases. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
The results of this study suggest that the brain-penetrant PI3K/mTOR-targeting GDC-0084 is a promising treatment option for breast cancer brain metastases with dysregulated PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway conferred by activating PIK3CA mutations. A national clinical trial is planned to further investigate the role of this compound in patients with brain metastases.
- | Cilcane (cilengitide) / Iceni Pharma
Journal: Thy-1 depletion and integrin β3 upregulation-mediated PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway activation inhibits lung fibroblast autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary fibrosis. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
Thy-1 downregulation, integrin β3 upregulation and autophagy inhibition were also detected in a mouse model of LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which could be prohibited by intratracheal injection of Thy-1 overexpressing adeno-associated virus (AAV) or intraperitoneal injection of the integrin β3 inhibitor cilengitide. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Thy-1 depletion and integrin β3 upregulation are involved in LPS-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
- | Preclinical, Journal, IO Biomarker: Telluric acid ameliorates hepatic ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in rats: Involvement of TLR4, Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
In conclusion, TELL purveyed conceivable novel hepatoprotective mechanisms and attenuated events associated with acute hepatic injury via inhibition of TLR4 downstream axis and activation of Nrf-2 and PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. Thus, TELL may provide a novel therapeutic potential for complications of hepatic IR injury.
- | Review, Journal: Function, Regulation and Biological Roles of PI3Kγ Variants. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
Here we concentrate on specific PI3Kγ features including its regulation and biological functions. In particular, the roles of its non-catalytic subunits serving as the main regulators determining specificity of class IB PI3Kγ enzymes are highlighted.
- | Journal: Akt1 signalling supports acinar proliferation and limits acinar-to-ductal metaplasia formation upon induction of acute pancreatitis. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
In addition, these results harbour important translational implications as they raise the concern that inhibitors of PI3K-Akt signalling pathways may negatively affect the regeneration of the pancreas. Finally, this work provides the basis for further investigating the potential of Akt1 activators to boost pancreatic regeneration following inflammatory insults.
- | Biomarker, Journal: ALDH1A1-related stemness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer is a negative prognostic indicator but potentially targetable by EGFR/mTOR-PI3K/aurora kinase inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
Our results identify stemness markers in HGSC that are associated with a decreased response to conventional chemotherapy and reduced survival if expressed by treatment-naïve tumours. EGFR, mTOR-PI3K and aurora kinase inhibitors are candidates for targeting this cell population.
- | Journal: Prostate epithelial-specific expression of activated PI3K drives stromal collagen production and accumulation. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
Our results indicate a signaling process beginning with prostatic epithelial PI3K and TGFβ signaling that drives prostatic stromal hypertrophy and collagen accumulation. These mice afford a unique opportunity to explore molecular mechanisms of prostatic collagen accumulation that is relevant to cancer progression, metastasis, inflammation, and urinary dysfunction.
- | temozolomide / Generic mfg., sonolisib (PX 866) / Seattle Genetics
Journal: Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase by PX-866 suppresses temozolomide-induced autophagy and promotes apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
The understanding of how TMZ induces survival pathways, such as autophagy, may offer new therapeutic vulnerabilities and opportunities to use sequential inhibition of alternate pro-survival pathways that regulate autophagy. As such, identification of additional ways to inhibit TMZ-induced autophagy could enhance the efficacy of TMZ.
- | Journal: EGF suppresses the expression of miR-124a in pancreatic β cell lines via ETS2 activation through the MEK and PI3K signaling pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
Knockdown and overexpression of ETS2 led to the prevention and promotion of insulin biosynthesis respectively, while barely affecting the secretion ability. These results suggest that EGF may induce the activation of ETS2 to inhibit miR-124a expression to maintain proper beta cell functions and that ETS2, as a novel regulator of insulin production, is a potential therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus treatment.
- | cisplatin / Generic mfg.
Journal: Ubenimex induces autophagy inhibition and EMT suppression to overcome cisplatin resistance in GC cells by perturbing the CD13/EMP3/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB axis. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
Ubenimex inhibits the activation of the CD13/EMP3/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway to overcome CDDP resistance in GC cells by suppressing autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, CD13 is a potential indicator of CDDP resistance formation, and Ubenimex may serve as a potent candidate for reversing CDDP resistance in GC.
- | Journal: Par6 regulates cell cycle progression through enhancement of Akt/PI3K/GSK-3β signaling pathway activation in glioma. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
The pathological analysis confirmed the correlation between Par6 expression and the prognosis in human glioma tissues, suggesting the regulation of Par6 expression regulates glioma tumorigenesis and progression. Thus, our findings showed that Par6 might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and providing a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant glioma.
- ||| Clinical: Highly scientific and Live MTB. So happy and proud to be a advice seeker in this excellent advice givers world. Also nice Title 4 case “PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Raf/MEK/ERK cascades are interconnected with multiple points of convergence, cross-talk, and feedback loops" from @KSainiMD (Twitter) - Jul 7, 2020
- | Journal: Diaporisoindole E inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via suppression of PI3K/AKT and MAPK signal pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
Thus, our findings showed that Par6 might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and providing a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant glioma. These findings suggest that SA8 (Diaporisoindole E) is the potential anti-osteoporosis agent.
- |||| Aliqopa (copanlisib) / Bayer
Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date, Combination therapy: CHRONOS-4: Study of Copanlisib in Combination With Standard Immunochemotherapy in Relapsed Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (iNHL) (clinicaltrials.gov) - Jul 7, 2020
P3, N=551, Active, not recruiting, Sponsor: Bayer
These findings suggest that SA8 (Diaporisoindole E) is the potential anti-osteoporosis agent. Trial completion date: Dec 2024 --> Mar 2025 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2021 --> Apr 2022
- ||| Lenvima (lenvatinib) / Eisai, Merck (MSD)
Agree. Have found pi3k and mek nearly impossible to give together. Both tough class of drugs. I would imagine giving fgfr inh w lenvatinib would also be tough in Indian population but could certainly be attempted. I wish we could figure out the best regimen in vitro somehow? (Twitter) - Jul 7, 2020
- || "Interlaced activation of multiple pathways" is exactly correct. From our previous paper: "PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Raf/MEK/ERK cascades are interconnected with multiple points of convergence, cross-talk, and feedback loops". https://t.co/2yw178b1gK (Twitter) - Jul 7, 2020
- | quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
Journal: Troxerutin attenuates oxygen‑glucose deprivation and reoxygenation‑induced oxidative stress and inflammation by enhancing the PI3K/AKT/HIF‑1α signaling pathway in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
LY294002, a selective PI3K inhibitor, inhibited the PI3K/AKT/HIF‑1α signaling pathway and further attenuated the protective effect of troxerutin against OGD/R‑induced H9C2 cell damage...The results from the present study indicated that troxerutin aggravated OGD/R‑induced H9C2 cell injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. The primary underlying protective mechanism of troxerutin was mediated by the activation of the PI3K/AKT/HIF‑1α signaling pathway.
- ||| Mekinist (trametinib) / Novartis
We would give mek inhibitor such as trametinib and fgfr2 inhibitor such as levantinib. Targeting PI3k in the presence of mek alterations, we have published, is not effective. Targeting both pi3k and mek simutaneously generally results in toxicity. Hope this helps (Twitter) - Jul 7, 2020
- | Journal: LAIR-1 suppresses cell growth of ovarian cancer cell via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 7, 2020
Our findings suggest that LAIR-1 may suppress the growth of ovarian cancer cells by serving as a modulator that suppresses PI3K-AKT-mTOR directly or regulating protein synthesis at the translational level. Our results indicate that a LAIR-1-based strategy may prevent or suppress the progression of ovarian cancer.
- quercetin (LY294002) / Eli Lilly
[VIRTUAL] Co-Cultured BM-MSCs Enhance Phagocytosis and Down-Regulate Autophagy of Macrophages Via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway (ATS 2020 Virtual) - Jul 6, 2020 - Abstract #ATSI2020ATS-I_5972;
Vise versa, pre-conditioned with LY294002, the inhibitor of PI3K, macrophages reversely expressed those biomarks in this co-culture systems, strongly suggesting the crucial role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway underlying the modulations of BM-MSCs on macrophages. This work also further highlights the importance of BM-MSCs and its beneficial modulations on macrophages under OGD/R circumstance.
- [VIRTUAL] PRMT6 Deficiency Aggravates Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Airway Epithelial Cell Death Through Repressing PI3K-AKT Cascade (ATS 2020 Virtual) - Jul 6, 2020 - Abstract #ATSI2020ATS-I_4950;
Keywords: PRMT6, PI3K-AKT, cigarette smoke, airway epithelia, cell death, emphysema. This work was supported, in part, by National Institutes of Health R01 grants HL125435 and HL142997 (to CZ), the National Science Foundation of China grants No.
- [VIRTUAL] Non-Genomic Effects of Glucocorticoids Differentially Modulate Glucocorticoid Receptor Site-Specific Phosphorylation (ATS 2020 Virtual) - Jul 6, 2020 - Abstract #ATSI2020ATS-I_3745;
The role of protein synthesis as well as GR was also examined using cycloheximide and RU486, respectively...While SB203580 and LY294002 had little effect on CB-induced pGR-ser226, PD98059 and SP600125 dramatically reduced pGR-ser226...Conclusion Together, our findings show that the non-genomic effects of GC i) differentially affect GR phosphorylation by upregulating pGR-ser226, but not pGR-ser211, in a manner that is GR-independent but ERK/JNK dependent and ii) rapidly activate MAPK pathways. Further studies are still needed to determine the role of GR-independent early events such as nonspecific interactions with the cell membrane in regulating later GC genomic activities.
- [VIRTUAL] Loss of WWOX Triggers PI3K/AKT Signaling in Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells (ATS 2020 Virtual) - Jul 6, 2020 - Abstract #ATSI2020ATS-I_3444;
On the other hand, PASMC proliferation can be controlled with increased WWOX expression and apoptosis induction. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying WWOX loss during hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling may potentially lead to the identification of new therapeutic strategies in PAH.
- metformin / Generic mfg.
[VIRTUAL] Anabolic Metabolism of Activated Myofibroblasts Is Linked to AMPK Inactivation and Impaired Resolution of Lung Fibrosis (ATS 2020 Virtual) - Jul 6, 2020 - Abstract #ATSI2020ATS-I_2335;
In vivo, metformin overcomes anabolic metabolism and promotes AMPK-dependent resolution of lung fibrosis. These studies provide proof-of-concept that activation of AMPK by metformin or other pharmacologic agents that activate these pro-resolution pathways may be a useful therapeutic strategy for progressive fibrotic disorders.
- [VIRTUAL] Corticosteroids Phosphorylate Glucocorticoid Receptor at the Newly Described Residue Serine 134 in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells (ATS 2020 Virtual) - Jul 6, 2020 - Abstract #ATSI2020ATS-I_1437;
Conclusion Collectively, we demonstrated for the first time in primary cells that GC phosphorylates GR at ser134 residue by involving non-genomic mechanisms that are mGR/JNK-dependent. Further studies are still needed to determine the role of pGRser134 in i) mediating non-genomic effects of GC and in regulating later GC genomic activities and ii) GR signaling and GC actions in cells derived from healthy and asthmatic patients.
- [VIRTUAL] PI3K/AKT Pathway Mediates Enhanced Activation of Eosinophils in Eosinophilic Asthma Phenotype (ATS 2020 Virtual) - Jul 6, 2020 - Abstract #ATSI2020ATS-I_555;
CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that peripheral eosinophils in EA patients were more activated in baseline and after PGD2 stimulation compared with that in NEA patients and healthy controls. The upregulation of PI3K/AKT pathway might be related to the increased activation of eosinophils in EA patients, leading to the "susceptibility" to eosinophilic phenotype in certain group of patients.
- || Review, Journal: Insulin-PI3K signalling: an evolutionarily insulated metabolic driver of cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 5, 2020
Here, we discuss the insulin-PI3K signalling cascade and emphasize its roles in normal cells (including coordinating cell metabolism and growth), highlighting the features of this network that make it ideal for co-option by cancer cells. Furthermore, we discuss how this signalling network can affect therapeutic responses and how novel metabolic-based strategies might enhance treatment efficacy for cancer.
- | Journal, PARP Biomarker: Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba Inhibits Growth, Motility, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 5, 2020
Our findings demonstrate that Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract can efficiently induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth, migration, and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and simultaneously block PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We therefore suggest Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba ethanol extract as a novel natural agent for prevention and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.
- | Journal: Transcriptome analysis of basic fibroblast growth factor treated stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 5, 2020
bFGF controls cell cycle progression in SHEDs. Thus, it can be used to amplify cell number to obtain the amount of cells required for regenerative treatments.
- | Journal: DUXAP10 inhibition attenuates the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2020
Inhibition of DUXAP10 in HCC HepG2 cells could attenuate the EMT and cell proliferation and invasion. Therefore, DUXAP10 might be a promising therapy target to inhibit the growth of HCC.
- | Piqray (alpelisib) / Novartis
Preclinical, Journal: Inhibition of PI3Kinase-α is pro-arrhythmic and associated with enhanced late Na current, contractility, and Ca release in murine hearts. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2020
Pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kα is arrhythmogenic due to activation of I leading to increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca load and prolonged QT interval. Monitoring the arrhythmogenic potential of PI3Kα inhibition in patients receiving PI3K inhibitors is an important PI3Kα inhibition.
- | Journal: The WNT receptor ROR2 drives the interaction of multiple myeloma cells with the microenvironment through AKT activation. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2020
Treatment of cells with specific PI3K inhibitors already used in the clinic reduced myeloma cell adhesion to the bone marrow. Together, our findings support the view that ROR2 and its downstream targets represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the large subgroup of MM patients whose cancer cells show ROR2 overexpression.
- | Preclinical, Journal: p110δ PI 3-kinase inhibition perturbs APP and TNFα trafficking, reduces plaque burden, dampens neuroinflammation and prevents cognitive decline in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2020
Genetic inactivation of PI3Kδ reduces Aβ plaque deposition and abrogates the inflammatory response, resulting in a complete rescue of the life span and spatial memory performance. We conclude that inhibiting PI3Kδ represents a novel therapeutic approach to ameliorate AD pathology, by dampening plaque accumulation and microglial-dependent neuroinflammation.
- | Journal: miR-21-3p inhibits autophagy of bovine granulosa cells by targeting VEGFA via PI3K/AKT signaling. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 4, 2020
Finally, the results of AKT and it's phosphorylation suggested that miR-21-3p suppressed VEGFA expression through downregulating AKT phosphorylation signaling. In summary, this study demonstrates that miR-21-3p inhibits BGCs autophagy by targeting VEGFA and attenuating PI3K/AKT signaling.
- | Journal: Improved Immunoregulation of Ultra-Low-Dose Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded TiO Nanotubes via M2 Macrophage Polarization by Regulating GLUT1 and Autophagy. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 3, 2020
These findings suggested that Ag@TiO-NTs with controlled releasing of ultra-low-dose Ag ions could not only inhibit the inflammation process but also promote the bone healing by inducing healing-associated M2 polarization. Using this surface modification strategy to modulate the macrophage-related immune response, rather than prevent the host response, maybe a promising strategy for implant surgeries in the future.
- | Journal: Effect and mechanism of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the apoptosis of GC-1 cells induced by nickel nanoparticles. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 3, 2020
The results showed that Ni NPs could not only cause changes in cell ultrastructure, decreased survival rate and arrested G1 phase cell cycle, but also activated apoptosis pathway by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The results of this study provide novel insights to explore the mechanisms of reproductive toxicity of Ni NPs and are of great significance to develop safety evaluation criteria for Ni NPs.
- | Journal: Potential of Tyrosine Kinase Receptor TIE-1 as Novel Therapeutic Target in High-PI3K-Expressing Ovarian Cancer. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 3, 2020
Mechanistically, TIE-1 participates in cell growth and proliferation by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings strongly implicate TIE-1 as a novel therapeutic target in high-PI3K-expressing ovarian-cancer cells.
- | fluorouracil / Generic mfg.
Journal: β-Elemene Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Effect of 5-Fluorouracil in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via PI3K/AKT, RAF-MEK-ErK, and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. (Pubmed Central) - Jul 3, 2020
In mouse xenograft model, ELE and 5-FU in combination inhibited the tumor growth and modulated its molecular markers. The conclusion obtained, considering that the results suggest that the combination may be important specifically in the treatment of TNBC.