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  • ||||||||||  etodolac / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Systemic Metabolic Alterations Induced by Etodolac in Healthy Individuals. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 28, 2025   
    These selective metabolic alterations complement its COX-2 inhibition and may contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects. This study provides new insights into Etodolac's metabolic impact under healthy conditions and may inform future therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation.
  • ||||||||||  Verzenio (abemaciclib) / Eli Lilly
    Review, Journal:  Benzimidazole-Pyrimidine Hybrids: Synthesis and Medicinal Properties. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 28, 2025   
    This review presents synthesis methods of benzimidazole-pyrimidine hybrids, their medicinal properties, and SAR studies reported in the last 20 years. For almost every therapeutic activity, SAR studies have revealed the essential presence of a substituent on the aromatic rings or between the two benzimidazole and pyrimidine nuclei.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Choosing a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for pain. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 27, 2025   
    Proton pump inhibitors reduce upper gastrointestinal complications but not lower gastrointestinal ones. Other important precautions relate to pregnancy and hypersensitivity reactions.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Microbial proteases as emerging anti-inflammatory therapeutics: a comprehensive review. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 26, 2025   
    It also uniquely highlights underexplored bacterial genera and production challenges, offering a translational outlook that bridges laboratory findings with real-world therapeutic applications. Advances in strain engineering, encapsulation techniques, and synthetic biology approaches hold promise for enhancing the safety, effectiveness, and precision of microbial protease-based therapeutics in inflammation control.
  • ||||||||||  aspirin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Altered Blood Pressure Reflexes in Women With Endometriosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 20, 2025   
    Aspirin, a COX inhibitor, had no impact on these responses. Collectively, these results suggest that women with endometriosis demonstrate altered central integration and attenuated sympathetic outflow and end-organ responsiveness.
  • ||||||||||  ibuprofen / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen Combination. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 7, 2025   
    Notably, HPLC and UV/Visible spectrophotometry were the most frequently reported, each accounting for 37.9% of studies. By consolidating these analytical approaches, this review highlights the state-of-the-art methodologies available for the determination of IBU/PAR FDCs and underscores its novel contribution as a definitive reference for future research and development in this field.
  • ||||||||||  rofecoxib (TRM-201) / Tremeau Pharma
    Journal:  Phytocompounds in Precision Dermatology: COX-2 Inhibitors as a Therapeutic Target in Atopic-Prone Skin. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 2, 2025   
    The African and Traditional Chinese Medicine natural product databases were subjected to molecular screening, which identified six top compounds, namely, Tophit1 (-16.528 kcal/mol), Tophit2 (-10.879 kcal/mol), Tophit3 (-9.760 kcal/mol), Tophit4 (-9.752 kcal/mol), Tophit5 (-8.742 kcal/mol), and Tophit6 (-8.098 kcal/mol), with stronger binding affinities to COX-2 than the control drug rofecoxib (-7.305 kcal/mol)...ADMET profiling via SwissADME and pkCSM validated the drug-likeness, oral bioavailability, and safety of the lead compounds, with no Lipinski rule violations and favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of the selected phytocompounds as novel COX-2 inhibitors for the management of atopic-prone skin and warrant further experimental validation.
  • ||||||||||  celecoxib oral / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Persistent COX-2 upregulation in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is unaffected by inhibition with celecoxib. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 2, 2025   
    Although COX-2 inhibition did not reduce AIMs or COX-2 and FosB/?FosB expression, it significantly lowered PGE2 levels, a downstream product of the COX-2 pathway. These results suggest that COX-2 upregulation may contribute to LID persistence through mechanisms beyond classical PGE2-mediated neuroinflammation.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Exploring the Structure-Activity Relationship of COX Inhibitors with Anticancer Effects: A Comprehensive Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 16, 2025   
    Additionally, several manuscripts employed well-known COX inhibitors including licofelone, indomethacin, naproxen, tolfenamate, celecoxib, flumizole, and ketoprofen, as starting points for further derivatization and optimization...In particular, derivatives in studies 9, 16, and 24 demonstrated significant activity comparable to standard drugs like celecoxib and doxorubicin...This review highlights the potential of COX-2 selective inhibitors in anticancer drug development. The findings support the development of selective COX-2 inhibitors with diverse chemical structures as a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Evaluation of the In Vitro Permeation Parameters of Topical Diclofenac Sodium from Transdermal Pentravan (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 27, 2025   
    Combination of Celugel with diclofenac sodium and the addition of substances acting as absorption enhancers, e.g., menthol, may provide an interesting alternative for enteral drugs, especially in patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Topical diclofenac sodium with of addition of permeation enhancers like menthol might provide higher drug concentrations in the surrounding tissues and better analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in compare to commercially available product and may provide optimum effectiveness with minimal risk of adverse effects, particularly in elderly and polymedicated patients.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Use of COX Inhibitors in Plastic Surgery Fibroproliferative Disorders: A Systematic Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 25, 2025   
    The overall certainty of evidence was graded as "low." COX inhibitors demonstrate promising efficacy with minimal adverse effects in the management of plastic-surgery-related FPDs. Their accessibility, safety, and potential to reduce fibrosis underscore the need for future high-quality, large-scale studies to establish definitive clinical recommendations.
  • ||||||||||  ibuprofen / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Early treatment versus expectant management of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus for preterm infants. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 24, 2025   
    Very early treatment of an hs-PDA also probably results in little to no difference in moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (moderate-certainty evidence). Given the potential adverse effects of medical therapy, future research should focus on identifying the appropriate patient population for clinical trials to maximize the chances of detecting a clinically meaningful effect while avoiding potential harm.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Eicosanoid metabolites in relation to non-small cell lung cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 15, 2025   
    Levels of LOX-derived LTE4 differentiated early- and advanced-stage disease and were elevated in advanced NSCLC (1.06-fold, p-value=0.0370). These findings reveal systemic dysregulation of COX- and LOX-derived eicosanoids in NSCLC, linked to sex and immune cell activation.
  • ||||||||||  naproxen / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  NSAID-mediated cyclooxygenase inhibition disrupts ectodermal derivative formation in axolotl embryos. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 12, 2025   
    Naproxen (NPX), a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and inflammation, exerts its effects through non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition...Our results reveal that NPX exposure impairs the migration of SOX9+ NC cells, leading to abnormal development of craniofacial cartilage structures, including Meckel's cartilage in the jaw. NPX exposure also alters the expression of markers associated with peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS) development, suggesting concurrent neurodevelopmental changes.
  • ||||||||||  Joicela (lumiracoxib) / Novartis, Cataclot (ozagrel) / Ono Pharma
    Thromboxane A2, not prostaglandin D2, drives the prostanoid-mediated component of mast cell-induced constriction in human small airways (PS-13; Board Number: 3) -  Jun 11, 2025 - Abstract #ERS2025ERS_1318;    
    NPX exposure also alters the expression of markers associated with peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS) development, suggesting concurrent neurodevelopmental changes. The remaining contraction was abolished (p<0.05) by unselective COX inhibitor indomethacin, selective COX-1 inhibitor FR 122,047, or TP receptor antagonist SQ-29,548, whereas COX-2 inhibitor lumiracoxib had no effect (E max: 57
  • ||||||||||  ketorolac / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Design of Chirality-Controlled Ketorolac-Peptide Conjugates for Selective COX-2 Inhibition and Localized Drug Release. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 9, 2025   
    This result underscores the critical role of chirality control in improving COX-2 selectivity, offering a promising strategy to develop safer and more effective anti-inflammatory therapeutics. The findings suggest that supramolecular hydrogels of Ket-Gly-D-Phe-D-Phe could serve as potential candidates for topical and drug-release applications, minimizing systemic toxicity while maximizing therapeutic efficacy.
  • ||||||||||  cannabidiol/omega-3 (CQ-001) / CanaQuest, acetylcysteine solution / Generic mfg., minocycline / Generic mfg.
    Review, Journal:  Targeting Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: A comprehensive review of mechanisms and pharmacological interventions. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 5, 2025   
    Therapeutically, anti-inflammatory strategies show promise: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the cyclooxygenase pathway; minocycline modulates microglial activity; cytokine inhibitors regulate immune responses; and antioxidants and mitochondrial agents (e.g., N-acetylcysteine, omega-3 fatty acids) reduce oxidative damage...Future research should integrate single-cell genomics, neuroimaging, and biomarker stratification to elucidate neuroinflammatory mechanisms and enable precise combination therapies. Combining immunomodulatory and neurotransmitter-based strategies may overcome the limitations of traditional antipsychotics and improve clinical outcomes.
  • ||||||||||  aspirin / Generic mfg.
    Preclinical, Journal:  Consumption of dietary emulsifiers increases sensitivity to social stress in mice: A potential role for the COX molecular pathway. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 1, 2025   
    Further controlled studies are necessary to elucidate additional mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory properties and to refine its therapeutic potential. These data demonstrate that ingestion of at least some dietary emulsifiers at concentrations analogous to those ingested by humans increases sensitivity to social stress in mice and that the COX pathway may be a mechanistic candidate by which emulsifier-induced increases in sensitivity to social stress occur.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker:  Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines: novel anticancer properties of marine Aspergillus oryzae NGM91 extract. (Pubmed Central) -  May 23, 2025   
    In PC3 cells, the extract induced oxidative stress markers (MDA: 13.63 ?mol mg-1; NO: 66.13 ?mole per mg), modulated antioxidant enzyme activities, upregulated antioxidant genes (CAT: 1195%, SOD: 788%, GPx: 473%, GST: 251%), increased DNA damage (205.1%), activated apoptotic pathways via BCL-2 downregulation and BAX/P53/Caspase-3 upregulation, and induced G1 phase arrest (72.97%). These findings demonstrate A. oryzae NGM91's therapeutic potential through oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and apoptotic cell death induction in PC3 cancerous cells.