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- || Review, Journal: Use of Apolipoprotein B in the Era of Precision Medicine: Time for a Paradigm Change? (Pubmed Central) - Sep 9, 2023
In this review, we examine the results of recent clinical outcomes studies and meta-analyses on the relative values of apoB, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C as markers of ASCVD risk. Although there is seemingly minimal difference among these markers when only population-based metrics are considered, it is evident from our analysis that, from a personalized or precision medicine standpoint, many individuals would benefit, at a negligible total cost, if apoB measurement were better integrated into the diagnosis and treatment of ASCVD.
- | Journal: Riboflavin Deficiency Alters Cholesterol Homeostasis Partly by Reducing Apolipoprotein B100 Synthesis in HepG2 Cells. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
Very low-density lipoprotein was also diminished (29.0 ± 6.1 μM/g protein vs 67.0 ± 11.0 μM/g protein, n = 4) in the culture media (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that riboflavin deficiency alters cholesterol homeostasis partly by reducing apolipoprotein B100 synthesis in HepG2 cells.
- | Biomarker, Journal: The effects of eight serum lipid biomarkers on age-related macular degeneration risk: a Mendelian randomization study. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
These results suggest the role of lipid metabolism in drusen formation and particularly in AMD development at the early and intermediate stages. Mechanistic studies are warranted to investigate the utility of lipid pathways for therapeutic treatment in preventing AMD.
- | Journal: Association of Early Renal Dysfunction with Lipid Profile Parameters among Hypertensives in Kazakhstan. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 3, 2021
For differentiating non-diabetic subjects with and without pre-CKD eGFR decrease, 1.05 g/L and 0.98 g/L are likely to be optimal cutoff points in males and females, respectively. These findings will help early prediction of renal dysfunction and contribute to a more accurate estimation of CVD risk.
- || Clinical, Journal: Novel PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9) Variants in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia From Cape Town. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 2, 2021
In our study, 1.14% of cases with clinical FH were clearly attributable to pathogenic variants in PCSK9. Pathogenicity is established beyond doubt for the G516V variant.
- | Journal, Heterogeneity: Heterogeneity of T Cells in Atherosclerosis Defined by Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Cytometry by Time of Flight. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 2, 2021
These findings suggest that pathogenic ApoB-reactive T cells evolve from atheroprotective and immunosuppressive CD4 T regulatory cells that lose their protective properties over time. Here, we discuss T cell heterogeneity in atherosclerosis with a focus on plasticity, antigen-specificity, exhaustion, maturation, tissue residency, and its potential use in clinical prediction.
- || Repatha (evolocumab) / Amgen, Astellas
Clinical, Journal: Effects of Evolocumab on the Postprandial Kinetics of Apo (Apolipoprotein) B100- and B48-Containing Lipoproteins in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 2, 2021
P4
Evolocumab had only minor effects on lipoproteins that are involved in triglyceride transport (chylomicrons and VLDL) but, in contrast, had a profound impact on lipoproteins that carry cholesterol (VLDL, IDL, LDL). Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02948777.
- || Clinical, Journal: A Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Increases LDL Cholesterol in Healthy, Young, Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 2, 2021
The data suggest that feeding healthy, young, normal-weight women a ketogenic LCHF diet induces a deleterious blood lipid profile. The elevated LDL cholesterol should be a cause for concern in young, healthy, normal-weight women following this kind of LCHF diet.
- | Journal: Apolipoprotein B, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Persons with CKD. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Higher apo-B, triglycerides, ratio of triglyceride to HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular events in CKD. Reducing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins using novel therapeutic agents could potentially lower the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in the CKD population.
- || Farxiga (dapagliflozin) / Ono Pharma, AstraZeneca
Clinical, Journal: The effect of dapagliflozin on apolipoprotein B and glucose fluxes in patients with type 2 diabetes and well controlled plasma LDL cholesterol. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Reducing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins using novel therapeutic agents could potentially lower the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in the CKD population. Dapagliflozin has no effect on plasma LDLc levels or VLDL-apoB fluxes in the context of optimal lipid-lowering treatment and will thus not limit cardiovascular benefit when lipids are adequately controlled.
- | Journal: 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid acts through hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha to modulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Furthermore, GA significantly lowered blood glucose and improved insulin resistance in db/db mice. In all, we established that GA acts as a partial HNF4α antagonist modulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
- | Journal: Andrographolide modulates HNF4α activity imparting on hepatic metabolism. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
AP additionally reduced gluconeogenesis via down-regulating the expression of HNF4α target genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc). Collectively, our results suggest that AP affects liver function via modulating the transcriptional activity of HNF4α.
- | tamoxifen / Generic mfg.
Journal: Dysfunction of estrogen-related receptor alpha-dependent hepatic VLDL secretion contributes to sex disparity in NAFLD/NASH development. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Wild type female mice were either ovariectomized or treated with tamoxifen to induce a state of estrogen deficiency or disruption in estrogen signaling...Importantly, ERRα acts downstream of estrogen/ERα signaling in contributing to the sex-difference in hepatic VLDL secretion effecting hepatic lipid homeostasis. Our results highlight ERRα as a key mediator which contributes to the sex disparity in NAFLD development, suggesting that selectively restoring ERRα activity in the liver may be a novel strategy for treating NAFLD/NASH.
- || Biomarker, Clinical, Journal: Variations in biomarkers of dyslipidemia and dysbiosis during the menstrual cycle: a pilot study in healthy volunteers. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
Our data support that biomarkers for dyslipidemia vary during the menstrual cycle. Thus, to avoid an underestimation of cardiovascular risk, sampling during the follicular phase, when levels of pro-atherogenic lipids are higher, may be considered.
- | Journal: Lack of phenotypic additive effect of familial defective apolipoprotein B3531 in familial hypercholesterolaemia. (Pubmed Central) - Jun 1, 2021
LDL from one of the carriers of the p.R3531C alone exhibited a binding ability, which was similar to a normal subject. This is the first report in Italy of the p.R3531C mutation, and our results show that this mutation has no effect in LDLR p.Y398X/APOB p.R3531C double heterozygotes.
- [VIRTUAL] Discordantly Normal ApoB Relative To Elevated LDL-C In Persons With Metabolic Disorders: A Marker Of Atherogenic Heterogeneity () - May 29, 2021 - Abstract #EPILIFESTYLE2021EPI_LIFESTYLE_384;
More than half of persons with metabolic disorders and elevated LDL-C had normal ApoB with a lower burden of carotid atherosclerosis over 13 years follow-up. ApoB better represents the atherogenic lipid burden among persons with metabolic disorders compared to LDL-C and may be especially helpful for persons with the pattern of high triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol.
- [VIRTUAL] Complementary Variable Selection Methods Highlight Joint Contribution Of Cystatin C And Apolipoprotein B For Cardiovascular Risk Prediction () - May 29, 2021 - Abstract #EPILIFESTYLE2021EPI_LIFESTYLE_265;
ApoB better represents the atherogenic lipid burden among persons with metabolic disorders compared to LDL-C and may be especially helpful for persons with the pattern of high triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol. Use of two complementary data-driven variable selection Methods identified variables more highly selected for CVD prediction beyond those included in pooled cohort equations.
- | Angeliq (drospirenone/estradiol) / Bayer
Journal: Menopausal hyperinsulinism and hypertension - new approach. (Pubmed Central) - May 28, 2021
Of 24 h day blood pressure decreased significantly. E2/DRSP represents suitable therapy for hyperinsulinemic, grade I hypertensive menopausal women with typical symptoms and normal weight.
- || Clinical, Journal: The relation between VLDL-cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease. (Pubmed Central) - May 28, 2021
E2/DRSP represents suitable therapy for hyperinsulinemic, grade I hypertensive menopausal women with typical symptoms and normal weight. In patients with clinically manifest cardiovascular disease plasma VLDL-C confers an increased risk for MALE, but not for MACE and all-cause mortality, independent of established risk factors including LDL-C and lipid-lowering medication.
- || Clinical, Journal: Combined Associations of Serum Ferritin and Body Size Phenotypes With Cardiovascular Risk Profiles: A Chinese Population-Based Study. (Pubmed Central) - May 28, 2021
The associations of high SF with the prevalence of CVD risk factors, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia, vary in individuals among different body size phenotypes. In the MAO group, subjects with high SF levels exhibited worse CVD risk profiles than individuals without high SF.
- || Statins accelerate the process of coronary calcification. As such, the association between CAC and outcomes in statin users is significantly attenuated. Better methods than LDL to quantify residual risk: Apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol. (Twitter) - May 26, 2021
- | Journal: Regulatory T Cells License Macrophage Pro-Resolving Functions During Atherosclerosis Regression. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
Morphometric analyses revealed that Treg depletion blocked plaque remodeling and contraction, and impaired hallmarks of inflammation resolution including dampening of the Th1 response, alternative activation of macrophages, efferocytosis, and upregulation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Our data establish essential roles for Tregs in resolving atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and provide mechanistic insight into the pathways governing plaque remodeling and regression of disease.
- | Preclinical, Journal: LDL Receptor Regulates the Reverse Transport of Macrophage-Derived Unesterified Cholesterol via Concerted Action of the HDL-LDL Axis: Insight from Mouse Models. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
Hepatic LDLr plays a critical role in the flow of macrophage-derived UC to feces, while the plasma increase of APOB-containing lipoproteins is unable to stimulate m-RCT. The results indicate that, besides the major HDL-dependent m-RCT pathway via SR-BI to the liver, a CETP-independent m-RCT path exists, in which LDL mediates the transfer of cholesterol from macrophages to feces.
- || Livasupril (micronized fenofibrate/pitavastatin) / Hanlim Pharma
Clinical, Journal: Efficacy and Tolerability of Pitavastatin Versus Pitavastatin/Fenofibrate in High-risk Korean Patients with Mixed Dyslipidemia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blinded, Parallel, Therapeutic Confirmatory Clinical Trial. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
P3
Therefore, pitavastatin/fenofibrate combination therapy could be effective and well tolerated in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03618797.
- || Livalo (pitavastatin) / Kowa, Eli Lilly
Clinical, P4 data, Journal: Safety and Efficacy of Pitavastatin in Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose and Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized, Open-Labeled, Multicentered, Phase IV Study. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
The high-dose pitavastatin therapy did not aggravate glucose metabolism compared with the usual dose therapy. Moreover, it had a better effect on cholesterol-lowering and apolipoprotein distribution in the patients with hyperlipidemia and IFG.
- | Journal: Effects of TM6SF2 E167K on hepatic lipid and very low-density lipoprotein metabolism in humans. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
P=N/A
In conclusion, the TM6SF2 E167K genetic variant was linked to a specific reduction in hepatic secretion of large triglyceride-rich VLDL1. The impaired secretion of VLDL1 explains the reduced plasma triglyceride concentration, and provides a basis for understanding the lower risk of cardiovascular disease associated with the TM6SF2 E167K genetic variant.Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT04209816.
- || Biomarker, Clinical, Retrospective data, Journal: LDL/apo B ratio predict coronary heart disease in Type 2 diabetes independent of ASCVD risk score: A case-cohort study. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
This study showed that LDL-C/ApoB ratio, but not the atherogenic index of plasma, may be considered as an indicator of CHD independent of the ASCVD risk score in patients with T2D. This finding merits further clarification to optimize preventive strategies for CHD.
- | Biomarker, Journal: Causal effects of plasma lipids on the risk of atrial fibrillation: A multivariable mendelian randomization study. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
This finding merits further clarification to optimize preventive strategies for CHD. This MR study provides robust evidence that high Lp(a) increases the risk of AF, suggesting that interventions targeting Lp(a) may contribute to the primary prevention of AF.
- || Clinical, Journal: HIV-Infected Naïve Patients Exhibit Endothelial Dysfunction Concomitant with Decreased Natural Antibodies Against Defined Apolipoprotein B Autoantigens. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
This MR study provides robust evidence that high Lp(a) increases the risk of AF, suggesting that interventions targeting Lp(a) may contribute to the primary prevention of AF. This study's results show that HIV infection, in naïve subjects, is associated with endothelial dysfunction and a decline of natural antibodies to apo-B antigens.
- | Preclinical, Journal: Male and Female Animals Respond Differently to High-Fat Diet and Regular Exercise Training in a Mouse Model of Hyperlipidemia. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
Our results revealed more severe metabolic disturbances in HFD-fed APOB-100 males compared to females. However, exercise efficiently reduced the body weight, serum triglyceride levels, expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and hepatic lipid accumulation in our model.
- || Clinical, Review, Journal: Artificial intelligence in clinical care amidst COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. (Pubmed Central) - May 25, 2021
Analysis of these multimodal data, captured from various sources, in terms of prominence for each category of the included studies, was performed. Finally, Risk of Bias (RoB) analysis was also conducted to examine the applicability of the included studies in the clinical setting and assist healthcare providers, guideline developers, and policymakers.
- | Journal: Quantifying atherogenic lipoproteins for lipid-lowering strategies: consensus-based recommendations from EAS and EFLM. (Pubmed Central) - May 21, 2021
Reference intervals of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins are reported for European men and women aged 20-100 years. However, laboratories shall flag abnormal lipid values with reference to therapeutic decision thresholds.
- | Journal: Importance of lipid ratios for predicting intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. (Pubmed Central) - May 21, 2021
The TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, RC/HDL-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C apo B/HDL-C, and apo B/apo A-I ratios were significantly related to ICAS risk. Compared with the other variables tested, the apo B/apo A-I ratio appeared to be a better discriminator for identifying ICAS risk in stroke patients.
- || Clinical, Journal: The cholesterol-lowering effect of unripe Rubus coreanus is associated with decreased oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B levels in subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels: a randomized controlled trial. (Pubmed Central) - May 21, 2021
P=N/A
Compared with the other variables tested, the apo B/apo A-I ratio appeared to be a better discriminator for identifying ICAS risk in stroke patients. Because of its cholesterol-lowering effect, uRC shows great promise as a therapeutic agent for subjects with borderline-high total blood cholesterol levels.
- || Biomarker, Clinical, Journal: Decreased serum apolipoprotein A4 as a potential peripheral biomarker for patients with schizophrenia. (Pubmed Central) - May 21, 2021
Our results suggest that the serum level of ApoA4 is a novel potential biomarker for schizophrenia. The proteins identified in this study expand the pool of biomarker candidates for schizophrenia and may be linked to the underlying mechanism of the disease.
- || Clinical, Journal: An Unusual Presentation of Hemorrhagic Disease in an Infant: A Probable Case of Abetalipoproteinemia. (Pubmed Central) - May 20, 2021
Large supplements of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K have been shown to limit neurological and ocular manifestations. Dietary fat intake is limited to medium-chain triglycerides.
- || Review, Journal: Hypertriglyceridemia-Causes, Significance, and Approaches to Therapy. (Pubmed Central) - May 20, 2021
HTG poses a risk for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the population at large and for pancreatitis in about two percent of individuals with extremely high levels of triglycerides (TG). This manuscript summarizes the mechanisms underlying the development of HTG as well as its management, including emerging therapies targeted at specific molecular pathways.
- | Journal: Drug resistance mutations in HIV provirus are associated with defective proviral genomes with hypermutation. (Pubmed Central) - May 20, 2021
Proviral sequencing may overestimate DRMs as a result of hypermutations. Removing hypermutated sequences is essential in the interpretation of proviral drug resistance testing.
- | Iclusig (ponatinib) / Takeda, Otsuka, Incyte, Xpovio (selinexor) / Ono Pharma, Karyopharm, Antengene
Biomarker, Journal: Proteomics and Machine Learning Approaches Reveal a Set of Prognostic Markers for COVID-19 Severity With Drug Repurposing Potential. (Pubmed Central) - May 20, 2021
We shortlisted two FDA-approved drugs, namely, selinexor and ponatinib, which showed the potential of being repurposed for COVID-19 therapeutics. Overall, this is the first most comprehensive plasma proteome investigation of COVID-19 patients from the Indian population, and provides a set of potential biomarkers for the disease severity progression and targets for therapeutic interventions.
- || Review, Journal: Biological drug and drug delivery-mediated immunotherapy. (Pubmed Central) - May 20, 2021
Drug delivery strategies are potent to promote their delivery. Herein, we reviewed the potential targets for immunotherapy against the major inflammatory diseases, discussed the biologics and drug delivery systems involved in the immunotherapy, particularly highlighted the approved therapy tactics, and finally offer perspectives in this field.
- [VIRTUAL] Immunopeptidomics analysis of Lyme arthritis: insights into infection and autoimmunity () - May 19, 2021 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2021IMMUNOLOGY_1761;
This study identified immune-relevant proteins presented by APCs in draining LN that are associated with LA development, which included ApoB-100, a known Lyme autoantigen in humans. Further studies are underway to assess T cell responses to identified Bb and self-peptides, including ApoB-100, during Bb infection.
- | Journal: 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
Further studies are underway to assess T cell responses to identified Bb and self-peptides, including ApoB-100, during Bb infection. No abstract available
- || Humira (adalimumab) / Eisai, AbbVie
Clinical, Journal, Head-to-Head: Disparate effects of adalimumab and fumaric acid esters on cardiovascular risk factors in psoriasis patients: Results from a prospective, randomized, observer-blinded head-to-head trial. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
In our study, both treatments were documented to exert effects on the cardiovascular system. While adalimumab showed anti-inflammatory effects and improved FMD, FAE interacted favourably with the cholesterol metabolism.
- | Journal: Salidroside-Mediated Autophagic Targeting of Active Src and Caveolin-1 Suppresses Low-Density Lipoprotein Transcytosis across Endothelial Cells. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
Meanwhile, a significant increase in LC3B, accompanied by attenuated accumulation of the autophagy substrate SQSTM1, was observed in aortic endothelium of ApoE mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that salidroside protected against atherosclerosis by inhibiting LDL transcytosis through enhancing the autophagic degradation of active Src and caveolin-1.
- | ketamine / Generic mfg.
Preclinical, Journal: Acupuncture improved lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal absorption in mice. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
Taken together, our findings demonstrated that salidroside protected against atherosclerosis by inhibiting LDL transcytosis through enhancing the autophagic degradation of active Src and caveolin-1. These results indicate that acupuncture at Zu san li, Guan yuan and Yong quan suppressed lipid absorption by downregulating the expression of apolipoproteins in the small intestine.
- | Journal: Correlations between lipoprotein(a) gene polymorphisms and calcific aortic valve disease and coronary heart disease in Han Chinese. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
These results indicate that acupuncture at Zu san li, Guan yuan and Yong quan suppressed lipid absorption by downregulating the expression of apolipoproteins in the small intestine. rs3798221, rs6415084, and rs7770628 polymorphisms within LPA are associated with higher Lp(a) plasma levels, which correlate with increased CAVD and CHD risks.
- || Clinical, Journal: Genetic polymorphisms in early-onset myocardial infarction in a sample of Iraqi patients: a pilot study. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
Multivariate Logistic regression, however, revealed that only smoking and hyperlipidemia retained significance (P of < 0.001 each). The need to initiate further studies on larger cohorts is paramount to understand the higher than expected frequency of early-onset myocardial infarction in our population.
- | Journal: Comparative N-Glycoproteomic Analysis Provides Novel Insights into the Deterioration Mechanisms in Chicken Egg Vitelline Membrane during High-Temperature Storage. (Pubmed Central) - May 15, 2021
Moreover, N-glycosites in several metalloproteases were located within the functional domain or active site region, indicating that the decreased N-glycosylation levels may affect their structural stability, specific substrate binding, or enzyme activity. These findings provide novel insights into the roles of protein N-glycosylation during membrane weakening.
- | Journal: Host defence peptides identified in human apolipoprotein B as promising antifungal agents. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2021
ApoB-derived cryptides affect different stages of growth of A. niger. Graphical abstract.
- | Journal: Quantitative and qualitative lipid improvement with chronic hepatitis C virus eradication using with direct-acting antivirals. (Pubmed Central) - May 14, 2021
Graphical abstract. HCV eradication by DAAs may produce quantitative lipid profile changes along with PCSK9 production recovery in addition to qualitative lipid improvement, which possibly confers the additional secondary benefits of atherosclerosis improvement and cardiovascular disease event reduction.