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  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Gut microbial profiles and the role in lipid metabolism in Shaziling pigs. (Pubmed Central) -  May 24, 2022   
    Next, the role of differentiated L. johnsonii in lipid metabolism was validated in Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire (DLY) pigs and the results showed that L. johnsonii mono-colonization promoted lipid deposition and metabolism by altering gut microbiota (i.e., Megasphaera elsdenii and L. johnsonii) and DGAT1/DGAT2/CD 36-PPAR γ gene expressions. In conclusion, Shaziling pigs exhibited different metabolic and microbial profiles compared with Yorkshire pigs, which might have contributed to the diverse metabolic phenotypes, and the significant enrichment of L. johnsonii in Shaziling pigs promoted lipid metabolism and obesity of DLY pigs, which provided a novel idea to improve the fat content of lean pigs.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  A high-concentrate diet induces an inflammatory response and oxidative stress and depresses milk fat synthesis in the mammary gland of dairy cows. (Pubmed Central) -  May 18, 2022   
    For milk fat metabolism, HC diet feeding reduced the milk fat content in milk samples and the triacylglycerol content in the mammary gland and inhibited the expression of de novo synthase (ACACA and FASN), long-chain fatty acid converting enzymes (ACSL1 and SCD), fatty acid transporters (CD36, FATP, FABP3, and LPL), triacylglycerol synthase (AGPAT6, DGAT1, and LPIN1), lipid droplet releasing enzyme (PLIN1), and transcription factors sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG). In summary, a HC diet can induce SARA with increased concentration of LPS in the peripheral vein, stimulate inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, and inhibit milk fat synthesis in the mammary gland of dairy cows.
  • ||||||||||  deferiprone / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  DGAT1 activity synchronises with mitophagy to protect cells from metabolic rewiring by iron  depletion. (Pubmed Central) -  May 18, 2022   
    We performed temporal metabolomics on mammalian cells treated with deferiprone, a therapeutic iron chelator that stimulates PINK1/PARKIN-independent mitophagy...Importantly, genetic depletion of DGAT1 in vivo significantly impaired neuronal mitophagy and locomotor function in Drosophila. Our data define iron depletion as a potent signal that rapidly reshapes metabolism and establishes an unexpected synergy between lipid homeostasis and mitophagy that safeguards cell and tissue integrity.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Role of sortilin 1 (SORT1) on lipid metabolism in bovine liver. (Pubmed Central) -  May 18, 2022   
    Such mechanism was also apparent in tissue from cows with fatty liver. Thus, targeted downregulation of hepatic SORT1 could represent a viable mechanism to unload lipid during conditions where the influx of fatty acids increases markedly.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Genome-Wide Characterization of DGATs and Their Expression Diversity Analysis in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Brassica napus. (Pubmed Central) -  May 15, 2022   
    In addition, analysis of fatty acid contents in roots, stems and leaves under abiotic stresses revealed that P starvation can promote the accumulation of fatty acids, but no obvious relationship was shown between the accumulation of fatty acids with the expression of BnaDGATs under P starvation. This study provides an extensive evaluation of BnaDGATs and a useful foundation for dissecting the functions of BnaDGATs in biochemical and physiological processes.
  • ||||||||||  etomoxir (MIQ-001) - Meta / IQ
    Journal:  Increased Fatty Acid Synthesis and Catabolism Supports Metastatic Breast Cancer Cell Migration. (Pubmed Central) -  May 14, 2022   
    Inhibition of ATGL alone reduced MCF10CA1a cell migration (20% decrease compared to vehicle), and addition of the FAO inhibitor (etomoxir) provided no further effect. Our study indicates that metastatic MCF10CA1a cells accumulate FAs by increasing de novo lipogenesis, store them as TAG, and that catabolism of these stores drives FAO-dependent migration.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Epidermal 1-O-acylceramides appear with the establishment of the water permeability barrier in mice and are produced by maturating keratinocytes. (Pubmed Central) -  May 10, 2022   
    Dagt2 deficiency reshapes 1-OAC synthesis with an increase in 1-OACs with N-linked non-hydroxylated fatty acids and a 60% decrease compared to control in levels of 1-OACs with N-linked hydroxylated palmitate. As none of the single enzyme deficiencies we examined resulted in a lack of 1-OACs, we conclude that either there is functional redundancy in forming 1-OAC and more than one enzyme is involved, and/or an unknown acyltransferase of the epidermis performs the final step of 1-OAC synthesis, the implications of which are discussed.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Unraveling structural and conformational dynamics of DGAT1 missense nsSNPs in dairy cattle. (Pubmed Central) -  May 6, 2022   
    Significant structural and conformational changes in the variants were observed. We illustrate how single amino acid substitutions affect DGAT1 function, how this contributes to our understanding of the molecular basis of variations in DGAT1, and ultimately its impact in improving fat quality in milk.
  • ||||||||||  chloroquine phosphate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  TXNIP/VDUP1 attenuates steatohepatitis via autophagy and fatty acid oxidation. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 8, 2022   
    Targeting TXNIP may be a potential therapeutic approach for NASH. Abbreviations: ACOX1: acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl; ACSL1: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1; ACTA2/α-SMA: actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta; ACTB: actin beta; ADGRE1/F4/80: adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; COL1A1/Col1α1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; CPT1A: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver; CQ: chloroquine; DGAT1: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1; DGAT2: diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2; ECI2/Peci: enoyl-Coenzyme A isomerase 2; EHHADH: enoyl-Coenzyme A, hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; FAO: fatty acid oxidation; FASN: fatty acid synthase; FFA: free fatty acids; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GK/GYK: glycerol kinase; GOT1/AST: glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, soluble; GPAM: glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial; GPT/ALT: glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL6: interleukin 6; IOD: integral optical density; KO: knockout; Leu: leupeptin; LPIN1: lipin 1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCD: methionine choline-deficient; MMP9: matrix metallopeptidase 9; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PA: palmitic acid; PPARA/PPARα: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; PPARG/PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; RPS6KB1/p70S6K1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1; RPTOR: regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1; SCD1: stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1; SEM: standard error of the mean; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TG: triglyceride; TGFB/TGF-β: transforming growth factor, beta; TIMP1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TXNIP/VDUP1: thioredoxin interacting protein; WT: wild-type.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Effects of DGAT1 on milk performance in Sudanese Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 1, 2022   
    The high frequency of the lysine DGAT1 protein variant K232 in Butana cattle could contribute to their high milk fat content in combination with low milk yield. In Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle, the DGAT1 marker can be used for effective selection and thus genetic improvement of milk production.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Fatty acids inhibit LAMP2-mediated autophagy flux via activating ER stress pathway in alcohol-related liver disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 29, 2022   
    In Butana × Holstein crossbred cattle, the DGAT1 marker can be used for effective selection and thus genetic improvement of milk production. This study demonstrates that accumulation of hepatic FFAs, rather than TG, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ALD by suppressing LAMP2-autophagy flux pathway through ER stress signaling, which represents an important mechanism of FFA-induced hepatocellular injury in ALD.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  ATF6-DGAT pathway is involved in TLR7-induced innate immune response in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 25, 2022   
    Finally, inhibiting ATF6 effectively decreased DGAT-generated LDs accumulation and the expression of TLR7 signaling-related genes induced by TLR7 agonist, implying that ATF6 UPR pathway may mediate the role of DGAT-generated LDs in TLR7 signaling. Overall, we demonstrate that DGAT1 and DGAT2-catalyzed TAG synthesis may generate different LDs to provide distinct signaling platforms for innate TLR7 signaling.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  LPIN1 promotes triglycerides synthesis and is transcriptionally regulated by PPARG in buffalo mammary epithelial cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 15, 2022   
    Site mutagenesis analysis showed that PPARG directly regulated the transcription of buffalo LPIN1 by binding to the PPRE1 and PPRE2 on its core promoter. The results here reveal that the LPIN1 gene is involved in the milk fat synthesis of BMECs, and one of the important pathways is to participate in this process through direct transcriptional regulation of PPARG, which in turn significantly affects the content of TAG in BMECs.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Study on the regulation mechanism of lipopolysaccharide on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism of bovine mammary epithelial cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 11, 2022   
    TG synthesis by the related gene Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1) was significantly lower than that of the control group after stimulation with 1000 ng/ml and 10000 ng/ml LPS for 9 h (P<0.05), and Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2) also showed a significant decrease after 10000 ng/ml LPS stimulation (P<0.05). In conclusion, adding different concentrations of LPS to MAC-T cells not only led to a decrease in cell activity, resulting in oxidative damage, but also affected fatty acid and TG synthesis, which may ultimately be closely related to the decrease in milk fat synthesis.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Vitamin D Activates Various Gene Expressions, Including Lipid Metabolism, in C2C12 Cells. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 3, 2022   
    RT-qPCR analysis confirmed increased mRNA levels of Rarres2, Dio2, Tgm2, Lpl, Mdfi, Igfbp3, Dgat1, Crabp2, Gadd45a, Vagfa, Dgat2, C3, Ldhb, Cebpa, Igfbp5, Mrc2, Vdr. Thus, many genes, including lipid metabolism genes as well as genes related to muscle functions, appear to be upregulated by 1,25(OH)D in muscle cells.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Effects of elevated air temperature coupling with soil drought on carbohydrate metabolism and oil synthesis during cottonseed development. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 26, 2022   
    Increased oil content under SD was attributed to the high phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase, EC 4.1.1.31), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase, EC 6.4.1.2) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) activities, whereas the opposite effects were seen under ET. Under combined stress, although ACCase activity decreased, PEPCase and DGAT activities, and GhPEPC-1 and GhDGAT-1 expression up-regulated, enhancing carbon flow into oil metabolism and triacylglycerol synthesis, ultimately generating higher oil content.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  GWAS and genomic prediction of milk urea nitrogen in Australian and New Zealand dairy cattle. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 22, 2022   
    Under combined stress, although ACCase activity decreased, PEPCase and DGAT activities, and GhPEPC-1 and GhDGAT-1 expression up-regulated, enhancing carbon flow into oil metabolism and triacylglycerol synthesis, ultimately generating higher oil content. Our results demonstrate how the sharing of data between two countries can increase the power of a GWAS and increase the accuracy of genomic prediction using a multi-country reference population and sequence variants selected based on a meta-GWAS.
  • ||||||||||  atorvastatin / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Lipid droplets are beneficial for rabies virus replication by facilitating viral budding. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 19, 2022   
    After treatment with atorvastatin, a specific inhibitor of LDs, RABV replication in N2a cells decreased...RABV-M and RABV-G, which are the major proteins involved in viral budding, could utilize LDs as a carrier and transport to cell membrane, resulting in enhanced virus budding. Our findings will extend the knowledge of lipid metabolism in RABV infection and help to explore potential therapeutic targets for RABV.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Genetic Parameter Estimation and Genome-Wide Association Study-Based Loci Identification of Milk-Related Traits in Chinese Holstein. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 15, 2022   
    Moreover, 17 genes in the enrichment results that may play roles in milk production and quality were selected as candidates, including CAMK2G, WNT3A, WNT9A, PLCB4, SMAD9, PLA2G4A, ARF1, OPLAH, MGST1, CLIP1, DGAT1, PRMT6, VPS28, HSF1, MAF1, TMEM98, and F7. We hope that this study will provide useful information for in-depth understanding of the genetic architecture of milk production and quality traits, as well as contribute to the genomic selection work of dairy cows in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Astrocytes in stress accumulate lipid droplets. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 10, 2022   
    Exposure to noradrenaline, a brain stress response system neuromodulator, and metabolic and hypoxic stress strongly facilitated LD accumulation in astrocytes. The observed response of stressed astrocytes may be viewed as a support for energy provision, but also to be neuroprotective against the stress-induced lipotoxicity.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Functional characterization of two diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 genes in Mortierella alpine. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 19, 2022   
    The transforming with MaDGAT1A/1B genes could increase the accumulation of TAG in S. cerevisiae to 4.47% and 7.48% of dry cell weight, which was 7.3-fold and 12.3-fold of the control group, respectively, but has no effect on the proportion of fatty acids in TAG. This study showed that MaDGAT1A/1B could effectively promote the accumulation of TAG and therefore, may be used in metabolic engineering aimed to increase TAG production of oleaginous fungi.