Sarcopenia
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  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Muscle Morphology and Performance in Master Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 7, 2019   
    Moreover, men were more prone to sarcopenia than women during kidney function decline. Despite advancing age, this review suggests that chronic exercise training preserves physical function, muscular strength and body fat levels similar to that of young, healthy individuals in an exercise mode-specific manner.
  • ||||||||||  Biomarker, Clinical, Journal:  The use of computed tomography images as a prognostic marker in critically ill cancer patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 7, 2019   
    Therapists and physical conditioners/trainers could exploit this new knowledge in their professional practice to improve life conditions (including the risk of fall) of frail and/or aged subjects. Sarcopenia assessed by abdominal CT demonstrated low correlation with BMI and was a risk factor for lower 30-day survival, higher hospital mortality and higher complications in critically ill patients.
  • ||||||||||  Biomarker, Clinical, Journal:  Association between nutritional blood-based biomarkers and clinical outcome in sarcopenia patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 7, 2019   
    Sarcopenia assessed by abdominal CT demonstrated low correlation with BMI and was a risk factor for lower 30-day survival, higher hospital mortality and higher complications in critically ill patients. Baseline serum albumin and plasma zinc concentrations were lower in patients diagnosed with sarcopenia compared to those without sarcopenia, and also in sarcopenia patients who died compared with those alive at 6 months follow up.
  • ||||||||||  Enrollment closed, Trial completion date:  HMB for Denutrition in Patients With Cirrhosis (HEPATIC) (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Aug 7, 2019   
    P=N/A,  N=60, Active, not recruiting, 
    We suggest that defining countermeasures against sarcopenia requires improved understandings of the co-ordinated regulation of muscle fibre atrophy and fibre loss, which are likely to be inextricably linked. Recruiting --> Active, not recruiting | Trial completion date: Dec 2018 --> Dec 2019
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and elderly skeletal muscle mass and function in urban north China. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 3, 2019   
    The administration of luseogliflozin resulted in the suppression of both the increased foxo1 expression and the reduced muscle cross-sectional area in the soleus muscle of Db/Db mice. The present study demonstrated a positive association between vitamin D and skeletal muscle strength in elderly Chinese men but not women.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Physical decline and survival in the elderly are affected by the genetic variability of amino acid transporter genes. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 3, 2019   
    Finally, a longitudinal study examining the survival rate over 10 years showed age-dependent complexity due to possible antagonistic pleiotropic effects for a SNP in SLC38A9/SNAT9, conferring a survival advantage before 90 years of age and a disadvantage later, probably due to the remodelling of AA metabolism. On the whole, our findings support the hypothesis that AA transporters may impact on the age-related physical decline and survival at old age in a complex way, likely through a mechanism involving mTORC1 signalling.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Protein and Peptides for Elderly Health. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 3, 2019   
    As the major macronutrient, food protein plays an important role in elderly health and well-being. In this chapter, the function of protein and peptide in elderly health as well as their effects on preventing aging-related disease is reviewed.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Oxidative stress-mediated senescence in mesenchymal progenitor cells causes the loss of their fibro/adipogenic potential and abrogates myoblast fusion. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 3, 2019   
    The senescent 2G11 cells lost their fibro/adipogenic potential, but, intriguingly, coculture of myoblasts with senescent 2G11 cells abrogated the myotube formation, which coincided with the downregulation of myomaker, a muscle-specific protein involved in myogenic cell fusion; however, forced expression of myomaker could not rescue this abrogation. These results suggest that senescent MPCs in aged rat skeletal muscle lose their fibro/adipogenic potential, but differ completely from undifferentiated progenitor cells in that senescent MPCs suppress myoblast fusion and thereby potentially accelerate sarcopenia.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Protein Energy Wasting and Sarcopenia in Dialysis Patients. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 3, 2019   
    The incidence of PEW in dialysis patients is reported to be 14%. To avoid sarcopenia and PEW leading to frailty, we should pay much more attention to an appropriate protein and calorie intake rather than restriction in dialysis patients.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional relationship. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 3, 2019   
    However, evidence for the most effective and feasible exercise and dietary interventions in this population is lacking. In this review, we discuss the current literature highlighting the bidirectional relationship between T2DM and sarcopenia, highlight current research gaps and treatments, and provide recommendations for future research.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Exercise and immune system as modulators of intestinal microbiome: implications for the gut-muscle axis hypothesis. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 3, 2019   
    The immune system plays a fundamental role in these processes, being influenced by microbiome composition and at the same time contributing to shape microbial communities. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature acquisitions in this field, disentangling the complex relationships between exercise, microbiome, immune system and skeletal muscle function and proposing an interpretative framework that will need verification in future studies.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Sarcopenia in pancreatic cancer - effects on surgical outcomes and chemotherapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 2, 2019   
    Sarcopenia is also associated with decreased survival and higher toxicity in patients receiving chemotherapy, and chemotherapy also tends to potentiate sarcopenia. Treatment for sarcopenia still remains an area for research, although oral supplements, nutritional modifications and exercise training have been shown to improve sarcopenia.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Bone-muscle crosstalk: unraveling new therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 1, 2019   
    The present work provides an overview of the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis obtained through advances in epigenetics, cell biology and osteoimmunology. In light of the increasingly recognized importance of bone-muscle interconnection, this review also discusses relevant pathways that may be dissected for identifying new therapeutic targets for age-related musculoskeletal degeneration.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  PGC-1α affects aging-related changes in muscle and motor function by modulating specific exercise-mediated changes in old mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 1, 2019   
    Surprisingly, we discovered that muscle PGC-1α was not only involved in improving muscle endurance and mitochondrial remodeling, but also phenocopied endurance exercise training in advanced age by contributing to maintaining balance and motor coordination in old animals. Our data therefore suggest that the benefits of exercise, even when performed at old age, extend beyond skeletal muscle and are at least in part mediated by PGC-1α.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Computed tomography-quantified body composition predicts short-term outcomes after gastrectomy in gastric cancer. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 1, 2019   
    Compared with control subjects, patients with sarcopenia had lower postoperative levels of serum retinol-binding protein (p = 0.007), and patients with visceral obesity had higher levels of C-reactive protein (p = 0.026). Sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and visceral obesity were significantly associated with increased rates of postoperative complications and affected the postoperative nutrition and inflammation status of patients with gastric cancer.
  • ||||||||||  Syntocinon Nasal Spray (oxytocin intranasal) / Vyera Pharma
    Trial primary completion date:  INOSO: The Physiologic Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Sarcopenic Obesity (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Aug 1, 2019   
    P1/2,  N=25, Active, not recruiting, 
    The results suggest that increased skeletal muscle mass leads to improvements in energy metabolism by promoting triglyceride-rich lipoprotein hydrolysis through the increase in circulating LPL and GPIHBP1. Trial primary completion date: Jun 2019 --> Dec 2018
  • ||||||||||  trimetazidine / generics
    Journal:  Metabolic Reprogramming Promotes Myogenesis During Aging. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 31, 2019   
    ...In particular, we analyzed the effect of the metabolic modulator trimetazidine (TMZ) on myogenesis in aging...Overall, our results reveal that reprogramming the metabolism stimulates myogenesis while triggering mitochondrial proteins synthesis in vivo during aging. Together with the previously reported ability of TMZ to increase muscle strength in aged mice, these new data suggest an interesting non-invasive therapeutic strategy which could contribute to improving muscle quality and neuromuscular communication in the elderly, and counteracting sarcopenia.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Srf KO and wild-type mice similarly adapt to endurance exercise. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 31, 2019   
    Therefore, Srf KO mice can be used in functional muscle studies, without the results being affected by the lack of Srf. Since lack of Srf induces premature sarcopenia, our observations suggest that the modifications due to the absence of Srf take time to occur and that young, Srf KO mice behave similarly to WT in aerobic physical activities.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Nutrition in Patients With Cirrhosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 31, 2019   
    A nutritional screening should be incorporated into the routine clinical care of patients with cirrhosis, with a more extensive nutritional assessment that includes a detailed history, dietary recall, baseline nutrition laboratory tests, and evaluation of sarcopenia using imaging modalities or strength testing to determine the degree of frailty. A thorough assessment will allow for a personalized treatment plan that provides the patient with total daily caloric intake goals with an emphasis on quality protein, education on timing of oral intake with a reduction in periods of fasting, identification and treatment of micronutrient deficiencies, and recommendation of safe and realistic exercise programs to help prevent and/or reduce sarcopenia and improve frailty.