Sarcopenia
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  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Lipotoxicity in Kidney, Heart, and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2020   
    Additionally, endoplasmic reticulum stress activated by the unfolded protein response pathway plays a pivotal role in lipotoxicity by modulating the expression of key enzymes in lipid synthesis and oxidation. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid deposition and resultant tissue damage in the kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle, with the goal of illuminating the nutritional aspects of these pathologies.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Review, Journal:  Emergency General Surgery in Older Adults: A Review. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2020   
    Multidisciplinary perioperative care aligned with goals of care is most likely to achieve optimal patient and health system outcomes; however, substantial knowledge gaps exist in emergency general surgery for older people. Anesthesiologists are uniquely positioned to address these knowledge gaps, including optimizing goal-directed intraoperative care, appropriate provision of acute postoperative monitoring, and integration of principles of geriatric medicine in perioperative care.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Combating frailty and sarcopenia in aging populations: Switching to a more positive paradigm. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2020   
    Intrinsic capacity could be used for development of health-promotion policies and service models across the life course; mainly primary care with low resource needs, using a step-care approach. Resilience could be considered an overarching holistic concept covering physical, psychological, and environmental domains, which is still in the research arena.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Review, Journal:  The biology of frailty in humans and animals: Understanding frailty and promoting translation. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2020   
    It also highlights how these models have been used to explore frailty mechanisms and potential frailty interventions, including pharmacological treatments, diet, and exercise. These exciting new developments in the field have the potential to facilitate translational research, improve our understanding of mechanisms of frailty, and help develop new interventions to mitigate frailty in our aging population.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  The frailty phenotype and sarcopenia: Similar but not the same. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2020   
    These exciting new developments in the field have the potential to facilitate translational research, improve our understanding of mechanisms of frailty, and help develop new interventions to mitigate frailty in our aging population. No abstract available
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Review, Journal:  Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2020   
    To date, resistance exercise remains the most promising strategy to increase muscle and bone mass, while sufficient quantities of protein, vitamin D, calcium, and creatine may preserve these tissues with aging. More recent findings, from rodent models, suggest treating ectopic fat in muscle and bone marrow as a possible avenue to curb osteosarcopenia, although this needs testing in human clinical trials.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Top-down Mass Spectrometry of Sarcomeric Protein Post-translational Modifications from Non-human Primate Skeletal Muscle. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2020   
    Most PTM sites were localized, including Asn13 deamidation on MLC-2S; His73 methylation on αactin; N-terminal acetylation on most identified proteins; N-terminal tri-methylation on MLC-1S, MLC-1F, MLC-2S, and MLC-2F; Ser14 phosphorylation on MLC-2S; and Ser15 and Ser16 phosphorylation on MLC-2F. In summary, a comprehensive characterization of sarcomeric proteins including multiple isoforms and PTMs in NHP skeletal muscle was achieved by analyzing intact proteins in the top-down MS approach.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  INSL3 in the muscolo-skeletal system. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 17, 2020   
    This minireview focuses on the most recent findings describing the role of INSL3/RXFP2 axis on the muscolo-skeletal system, from the mechanistic insights to the phenotypic consequences. Pathophysiological and therapeutic widenings deriving from available data are also discussed.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Molecular indicators of denervation in ageing human skeletal muscle. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 16, 2020   
    Muscle from healthy older individuals expresses developmental myosins to varying degrees, but more than previous reports for young individuals. Along with the AchR correlations, we propose that these findings support the presence of neuromuscular junction destabilization, denervation and re-innervation in aging human skeletal muscle.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Gut Microbiota, Muscle Mass and Function in Aging: A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 16, 2020   
    Therefore, we conclude that the causal link between microbiota and physical fitness is still uncertain due to the lack of targeted studies and the influence of a large number of covariates, including diet, exercise, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy, on both microbiota composition and physical function in older age. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and physical function remains a very promising area of research for the future.
  • ||||||||||  Tekturna (aliskiren) / PDL
    Journal:  Normalizing Plasma Renin Activity in Experimental Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Effects on Edema, Cachexia, and Survival. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 16, 2020   
    Female mice with DCM and elevated plasma renin activity concentrations were treated with a direct renin inhibitor (aliskiren) in a randomized, blinded fashion beginning at Stage B HF...In summary, the normalization of plasma renin activity retards the progression of experimental HF by improving cardiac systolic function, reducing the development of systemic edema, cachexia/sarcopenia, and mortality. These data suggest that targeting pathologically elevated plasma renin activity may be beneficial in appropriately selected HF patients.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Nutrition in Liver Cirrhosis: Clinical Practice Recommendations (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 16, 2020   
    In a stepwise fashion nutritional counseling, oral nutritional supplements, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition as third-line-therapy should be used. In cirrhotic patients, nutrition therapy can improve morbidity and mortality by ensuring the adequate provision of energy, protein and micronutrients.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Walking Speed: Japanese Data in Chronic Liver Diseases. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 16, 2020   
    The WS value was well stratified according to the ECW to TBW ratio (normal vs. mild, p = 0.0001; mild vs. moderate to severe, p < 0.0001; normal vs. moderate to severe, p < 0.0001; overall p-value <0.0001). In conclusion, the ECW to TBW ratio can be closely linked to WS decline in CLD patients.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Twincretin as a potential therapeutic for the management of type 2 diabetes with obesity. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 16, 2020   
    Thus, GLP-1R/GIPR dual agonists can add additional therapeutic efficacy to tailored diabetes care, especially among obese type 2 diabetes individuals. However, caution should be exercised as to whether or not these drugs are appropriate for the management of Asian type 2 diabetes, which is primarily characterized by non-obesity and impaired β-cell function, as well as in that of type 2 diabetes in elderly adults, who tend to develop sarcopenia and frailty due to poor energy intake.
  • ||||||||||  Enrollment open, Trial initiation date:  Muscle Capillarization and Sarcopenia (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Jan 15, 2020   
    P=N/A,  N=40, Recruiting, 
    The assessment of body composition in these patients may provide a broader understanding of patients' individual condition and guide specific supportive strategies in patients at risk. Not yet recruiting --> Recruiting | Initiation date: Oct 2019 --> Jan 2020
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Evaluation of sarcopenia in children. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 11, 2020   
    Underweight may be a surrogate for advanced disease burden. No abstract available
  • ||||||||||  peroxynitrite (INO-4885) / Rocket Pharma
    Preclinical, Journal:  Age-Dependent Oxidative Stress Elevates Arginase 1 and Uncoupled Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle of Aged Mice. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 11, 2020   
    Most importantly, we also demonstrated elevated levels of peroxynitrite formation and uncoupling of eNOS in aged muscles...These effects were reversed by treatment with an arginase inhibitor, 2(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH). Our study provides strong evidence that L-arginine metabolism is altered in aged muscle and that arginase inhibition could be used as a novel therapeutic target for age-related muscle complications.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Changes in Nutritional Status and Musculoskeletal Health in a Geriatric Post-Fall Care Plan Setting. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 11, 2020   
    A 1-point increase in MNA score over 6 months was associated with an increase of 0.20 points (95% confidence interval 0.10, 0.31, p < 0.001) in SPPB score. Improvement in nutritional status was associated with improvement in physical performance, providing a basis for interventional studies to ascertain causality and evaluate nutritional models of care for post-fall functional recovery in older adults.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Ethanol sensitizes skeletal muscle to ammonia-induced molecular perturbations. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 10, 2020   
    Of the 3 transcription factors that were bound to the RhBG promoter in response to ethanol and ammonia, DR1/NC2 indirectly regulated transcription of RhBG during ethanol and ammonia treatment. Direct effects of ethanol was synergistic with increased ammonia uptake in causing dysregulated skeletal muscle proteostasis and signaling perturbations with a more severe sarcopenic phenotype.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  The Effects of Time Restricted Feeding on Overweight, Older Adults: A Pilot Study. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 10, 2020   
    There were no significant changes in other outcomes; however, there were clinically meaningful changes in walking speed and improvements in quality of life, with few reported adverse events. The findings of this pilot study suggest that time restricted feeding is an acceptable and feasible eating pattern for overweight, sedentary older adults to follow.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Muscle Function: Can Antioxidant Dietary Supplements Counteract Age-Related Sarcopenia? (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 10, 2020   
    Controversial results obtained with antioxidant supplementation in older persons could in part reflect the lack of univocal effects of ROS on muscle mass and function. The purpose of this review is to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the dual effects of ROS in skeletal muscle function and the analysis of literature data on dietary antioxidant supplementation associated with exercise in normal and sarcopenic subjects.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Sarcopenia and Back Muscle Degeneration as Risk Factors for Back Pain: A Comparative Study. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 10, 2020   
    We suggest that the degree of back pain is more strongly associated with back muscle degeneration than with sarcopenia. This back muscle degeneration risk index, reflecting both back muscle morphology and function, could be a useful parameter for evaluation of back pain and muscle degeneration.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Sex Difference In People Aging With Hiv. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 9, 2020   
    Despite the fact that women have better immunological recovery measured by CD4 T-cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio, and fewer CVD and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors than men, their physical function and their quality of life are worse. Therefore, older HIV-infected women have special characteristics, and the assessment of physical function in this group seems to be crucial.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Relationship between serum vitamin D level and sarcopenia in chronic liver disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 9, 2020   
    Therefore, older HIV-infected women have special characteristics, and the assessment of physical function in this group seems to be crucial. Sarcopenia complicated by chronic liver disease was associated with advanced age, low body mass index, and low serum 25(OH)D3 level.