Sarcopenia
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  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Altered Ca Handling and Oxidative Stress Underlie Mitochondrial Damage and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Aging and Disease. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 4, 2021   
    This review provides a broad overview of the literature supporting a role for impaired Ca handling, dysfunctional Ca-dependent production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and structural/functional alterations in CRUs and mitochondria in the loss of muscle mass, reduction in muscle contractility, and increase in muscle damage in sarcopenia and a wide range of muscle disorders including muscular dystrophy, rhabdomyolysis, central core disease, and disuse atrophy. Understanding the impact of these processes on normal muscle function will provide important insights into potential therapeutic targets designed to prevent or reverse muscle dysfunction during aging and disease.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Determinants of cardiac structure in frail and sarcopenic elderly adults. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 4, 2021   
    Older sarcopenic and physically frail patients showed LVH with a tendency towards concentric geometry. The main determinant of LVM was SBP, highlighting the key role that hemodynamic condition plays in determining LVH in this population.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Leg press and chest press strength normative values by half-decades in older persons. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 4, 2021   
    These values allow practitioners and researchers to interpret the results of various interventions, and evaluate their importance to evaluation of sarcopenia, injury risk, functional mobility and quality of life. Additionally, our results reveal that age-related declines in strength are prominent for male LP and CP, but not female CP or LP.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  The Impact of the "Osteo" Component of Osteosarcopenia on Fragility Fractures in Post-Menopausal Women. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 4, 2021   
    In conclusion, women with osteosarcopenia were more likely to have previously sustained a fracture compared to those without osteosarcopenia, with sarcopenia alone, and with osteoporosis alone. The relationship between osteosarcopenia and fracture risk may be best identified when considering high-fracture-risk osteopenia and osteoporosis.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Formulative Study and Intracellular Fate Evaluation of Ethosomes and Transethosomes for Vitamin D3 Delivery. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 4, 2021   
    Both ethosomes and transethosomes proven to have physicochemical properties optimal for transdermal penetration and efficient vitamin D3 loading; moreover, nanocarriers were easily internalized by all cell types, although they followed distinct intracellular fates: ethosomes persisted for long times inside the cytoplasm, without inducing subcellular alteration, while transethosomes underwent rapid degradation giving rise to an intracellular accumulation of lipids. These basic results provide a solid scientific background to in vivo investigations aimed at exploring the efficacy of vitamin D3 transdermal administration in different experimental and pathological conditions.
  • ||||||||||  Retrospective data, Review, Journal:  T-Score and Handgrip Strength Association for the Diagnosis of Osteosarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 4, 2021   
    These basic results provide a solid scientific background to in vivo investigations aimed at exploring the efficacy of vitamin D3 transdermal administration in different experimental and pathological conditions. The correlation between T-score values and handgrip strength suggests a new potential parameter in the development of predictive models that could be used in clinical practice, highlighting its importance for the diagnosis of osteosarcopenia.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Review, Journal:  Role of Physical Activity in Bone-Muscle Crosstalk: Biological Aspects and Clinical Implications. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 4, 2021   
    However, combined programmes of progressive resistance exercises, weight-bearing impact exercises, and challenging balance/mobility activities currently appear to be the most effective in optimising musculoskeletal health and function. Based on this evidence, the aim of our review was to summarize the current knowledge about the role of exercise in bone-muscle crosstalk, highlighting how it may represent an effective alternative strategy to prevent and/or counteract the onset of osteosarcopenia.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Association of Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue Distribution with Histologic Severity of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 4, 2021   
    In multivariate analyses, age (odds ratio (OR), 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-1.19; p = 0.025), severe NASH (OR, 8.66; 95% CI, 2.13-46.40; p = 0.005), and visceral adiposity (OR, 6.77; 95% CI, 1.81-29.90; p = 0.007) were independently associated with advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Visceral adiposity is correlated with the histologic severity of NAFLD, which is independently associated with advanced fibrosis.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Prevalence and Associated Factors of Sarcopenia in Singaporean Adults-The Yishun Study. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 3, 2021   
    Using AWGS2019 criteria, sarcopenia is prominent in older age (32.2% in ≥60 years old), but it is already nontrivial (6.9%) among young and middle-age persons. Multidomain lifestyle modifications addressing muscle strength, cognition, and nutrition over the adult lifespan are important to delay the development of sarcopenia.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Muscle Density, but Not Size, Correlates Well With Muscle Strength and Physical Performance. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 3, 2021   
    Therefore, muscle density may represent a more clinically meaningful surrogate of muscle performance than muscle size. Muscle density measurements of trunk and gluteus muscles can be easily obtained from routine CT scan and, therefore, may become an important measurement to diagnose and screen for sarcopenia.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Tracheostomy Post Liver Transplant: Predictors, Complications, and Outcomes. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 3, 2021   
    CONCLUSIONS Predictors for respiratory failure requiring post-LT tracheostomy include higher model for end-stage liver disease score, older age, lower BMI, greater smoking history, and worse sarcopenia. Patients requiring tracheostomy have dramatically longer hospital stays and worse survival.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Osteosarcopenia Predicts Falls, Fractures, and Mortality in Chilean Community-Dwelling Older Adults. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 3, 2021   
    Osteosarcopenia is a common condition among older adults and is associated with an increased risk of falls, fractures, functional impairment, and mortality. Considering the high proportion of sarcopenia among osteoporotic patients and vice versa, screening for the second condition when the first is suspected should be advised.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  From bedside to battlefield: intersection of ketone body mechanisms in geroscience with military resilience. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 3, 2021   
    While these energy and signaling mechanisms of ketone bodies are currently being studied in a variety of aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, they may also be relevant to military service members undergoing stressors that mimic or accelerate aging pathways, particularly traumatic brain injury and muscle rehabilitation and recovery. Here we summarize the biology of ketone bodies relevant to resilience and rehabilitation, strategies for translational use of ketone bodies, and current clinical investigations in this area.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Effect of Sarcopenia Status on Disability Incidence Among Japanese Older Adults. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 3, 2021   
    Severe sarcopenia, involving low muscle mass and poor physical performance, might increase disability risk in older adults, as opposed to low muscle mass alone. Further studies are needed to determine whether sarcopenia without poor physical performance increases disability risk.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Is impaired dopaminergic function associated with mobility capacity in older adults? (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 3, 2021   
    We report four a posteriori findings from an existing dataset: (1) slower central activation of ballistic force development is associated with worse mobility among older adults; (2) older adults with the Val/Met intermediate catecholamine-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) genotype involved in dopamine degradation exhibit greater mobility than their homozygous counterparts; (3) there are moderate relationships between performance times from a series of lower and upper extremity tasks supporting the notion that movement speed in older adults is a trait-like attribute; and (4) there is a relationship of functional connectivity within the medial orbofrontal (mOFC) cortico-striatal network and measures of mobility, suggesting that a potential neural mechanism for impaired mobility with aging is the deterioration of the integrity of key regions within the mOFC cortico-striatal network. These findings align with recent basic and clinical science work suggesting that the basal ganglia and its dopaminergic function are mechanistically linked to age-related reductions in mobility capacity.
  • ||||||||||  Retrospective data, Review, Journal:  Sarcopenia in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 3, 2021   
    Sarcopenia was a common condition in patients with HF, and the prevalence of hospitalized patients was higher than for ambulatory patients. Early detection of sarcopenia was therefore important in patients with HF, and it was important to implement interventions so that physical therapists or managerial dieticians can easily be introduced into clinical practice.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, PK/PD data, Journal:  The impact of age on antiretroviral drug pharmacokinetics in the treatment of adults living with HIV. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 3, 2021   
    Careful consideration of undoubtful benefits and potential harms is advised when prescribing ARVs to geriatric patients and the knowledge of pharmacokinetics changes need to be included in the process. With the 'greying' of the pandemic we need studies with a specific focus on geriatric patients living with HIV that will consider specific phenotypes and associated changes (including sarcopenia).