Myasthenia Gravis
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  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Ocular myasthenia gravis: a review and practical guide for clinicians. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 7, 2022   
    The management of ocular myasthenia gravis is discussed, including non-pharmacological options, pyridostigmine, corticosteroids, other immunosuppressive agents, and thymectomy. The goals of management are to alleviate symptoms, and where possible prevent chronic disability or progression to generalised myasthenia gravis.
  • ||||||||||  Preclinical, Journal:  Characterization of Neuromuscular Junctions in Mice by Combined Confocal and Super-Resolution Microscopy. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 6, 2022   
    The procedures to prepare samples and measure NMJ volume, area, tortuosity and axon terminal morphology/occupancy by confocal imaging, and the distance between postsynaptic junctional folds and acetylcholine receptor (AChR) stripe width by super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy are detailed. Alterations in these NMJ parameters are illustrated in mutant mice affected by SMA and CMS.
  • ||||||||||  methotrexate / Generic mfg., cyclosporine / Generic mfg.
    Reimbursement, Retrospective data, Journal:  Epidemiological profile of myasthenia gravis in South Korea using the national health insurance database. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 6, 2022   
    Whereas the use of IVIG has remained stable, thymectomy is performed earlier than before, and the distribution of immunosuppressant therapies has changed over the years with an increase in tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. We expect that this study will serve as a basis for future South Korean MG epidemiological studies.
  • ||||||||||  Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  Clinical Trial to Improve the Magnetic Levator Prosthesis (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Apr 6, 2022   
    P=N/A,  N=30, Active, not recruiting, 
    We expect that this study will serve as a basis for future South Korean MG epidemiological studies. Trial completion date: Feb 2023 --> Jul 2023 | Trial primary completion date: Feb 2022 --> Jul 2023
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Review, Journal:  The immunosuppressive activity of artemisinin-type drugs towards inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 5, 2022   
    Many in vivo experiments in disease-relevant animal models demonstrate therapeutic efficacy of artemisinin-type drugs against rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, lupus erythematosus, arthrosis, and gout), lung diseases (asthma, acute lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis), neurological diseases (autoimmune encephalitis, Alzheimer's disease, and myasthenia gravis), skin diseases (dermatitis, rosacea, and psoriasis), inflammatory bowel disease, and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Randomized clinical trials should be conducted in the future to translate the plethora of preclinical results into clinical practice.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  The emerging role of complement in neuromuscular disorders. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 5, 2022   
    This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of complement activation and its role during the initiation and progression of neuromuscular disorders including myasthenia gravis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We will review the preclinical and clinical evidence for complement in these diseases, with an emphasis on the complement-targeting drugs in clinical trials for these indications.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Congenital myasthenic syndrome: correlation between clinical features and molecular diagnosis. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 5, 2022   
    We will review the preclinical and clinical evidence for complement in these diseases, with an emphasis on the complement-targeting drugs in clinical trials for these indications. Stricter clinical criteria increase the chance to confirm CMS diagnosis, but may lose sensibility, especially for some specific genes.
  • ||||||||||  Journal, Checkpoint inhibition, IO biomarker:  Myasthenia Gravis: A Rare Neurologic Complication of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 5, 2022   
    Although the pathogenesis is not entirely understood, T lymphocytes are thought to play a role by blocking the acetylcholine receptors and causing antibody production. In the era of new immune-modulating therapies emerging for treatment of different cancers, their role in inducing a proinflammatory state has become apparent, thus highlighting a clear need to increase awareness about their role in inducing myasthenia gravis or myasthenia-like symptoms.
  • ||||||||||  Rituxan (rituximab) / Biogen, Zenyaku Kogyo, Roche
    SJÖGREN-LIKE SYNDROME, MULTIPLE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES, THYMOMA AND GENETIC VARIANTS IN AIRE (Poster Tour Auditorium 10) -  Apr 4, 2022 - Abstract #EULAR2022EULAR_1046;    
    Although clinical similarities between thymoma patients and APECED / APS1 are known (4), a genetic link between these 2 diseases has not yet been described. As rheumatic autoimmunity can be induced by either, rheumatologists should be aware of these potentially underlying causes.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Improving laboratory diagnostics in myasthenia gravis. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 2, 2022   
    CBAs could be used as screening tests, limiting RIPAs for antibody quantification. To this end, ELISAs might be an alternative.Fixation procedures preserving enough degree of antigen conformationality could yield AChR and MuSK CBAs suitable for a wide use in clinical-chemistry laboratories.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Journal:  Thymic Epithelial Tumours in 51 Dogs: Histopathologic and Clinicopathologic Findings. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 1, 2022   
    On multivariable analysis surgical excision of the thymic tumour was associated with significantly prolonged survival; the presence of metastasis, myasthenia gravis, and moderate or marked cellular pleomorphism were associated with significantly reduced survival. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate prognostic factors to aid treatment recommendations.
  • ||||||||||  Opdivo (nivolumab) / Ono Pharma, BMS
    Clinical, Journal, Checkpoint inhibition, PD(L)-1 Biomarker, IO biomarker:  Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced anti-striational antibodies in myasthenia gravis and myositis: a case report (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 29, 2022   
    A 78-year-old man was treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab for advanced renal cell carcinoma with liver and lymph node metastasis...Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy (1,000 mg/day for 3 days), plasmapheresis, and oral prednisolone (PSL) (20 mg/day) administration improved the patient's neurological function and normalized the serum CK levels...The antibody titers decreased but remained positive (anti-titin antibody 5.00, anti-Kv 1.4 antibody 3.83) one year after the initial evaluation. Therefore, low-dose PSL (5 mg/day) administration was continued, and the patient was in remission.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Osteopontin in autoimmune disorders: current knowledge and future perspective. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 29, 2022   
    The overexpression of OPN in several autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), Type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Sjögren's, and myasthenia gravis, have been shown to be correlated with disease severity. Regarding the important regulatory roles of OPN in the immune system, this study aimed to review the role of this molecule in autoimmune disorders and to provide a complete view of the current knowledge in this field.
  • ||||||||||  Adoptive immunotherapy for MuSK subtype myasthenia gravis (Room A107–109) -  Mar 27, 2022 - Abstract #IMMUNOLOGY2022IMMUNOLOGY_187;    
    We identified subgroups where the delay was the longest and might be reduced. Sponsored by the AAI Clinical Immunology Committee.
  • ||||||||||  Soliris (eculizumab) / AstraZeneca
    Review, Journal:  Current Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 26, 2022   
    Substantial progress has been made in the treatment of MG in the last century, resulting in a change of its natural course from a disease with poor prognosis with a high mortality rate in the early 20th century to a treatable condition with a large proportion of patients attaining very good disease control. This review summarizes the current treatment options for MG, including non-immunosuppressive and immunosuppressive treatments, as well as thymectomy and targeted immunomodulatory drugs.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Observational data, Journal:  Long-term outcome in patients with myasthenia gravis: one decade longitudinal study. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 25, 2022   
    Although after 10 years, a significant number of MG patients were in remission, their QoL was still reduced. Neurologists should be aware that patients' perception of poor QoL may persist even if MG is well treated from a physician's perspective.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal, Checkpoint inhibition:  How we identify and treat neuromuscular toxicity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 25, 2022   
    Depending on the individual irAE characteristics, the decision should be preferably discussed in an interdisciplinary irAE expert team with an experienced neurologist, rheumatologist and/or cardiologist and take the patient's preferences into account. The yet unmet need of systematic data on treatment, follow-up results and options of re-challenge of ICI treatment in neuromuscular toxicity has to be particularly considered in the shared decision-making process.
  • ||||||||||  ACHALASIA FOLLOWING A SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: A CASE REPORT ([VIRTUAL]) -  Mar 25, 2022 - Abstract #CDDW2022CDDW_132;    
    Furthermore, given the fact that our patient had diarrhea, this suggests that the virus has a GI tropism supporting our hypothesis. We therefore believe that achalasia may be a potential complication of COVID-19.High resolution esophageal motility study showing a type III achalasia pattern.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Review, Journal:  COVID-19 and the Peripheral Nervous System. A 2-year review from the pandemic to the vaccine era. (Pubmed Central) -  Mar 24, 2022   
    Based on our extensive review of the literature, any conclusion about a pathophysiological correlation between COVID-19 and PNS disorders remains premature, and solely supported by their temporal association, while epidemiological and pathological data are insufficient. The occurrence of PNS complications after COVID-19 vaccines seems limited to a possible higher risk of facial nerve palsy and GBS, to a degree that widespread access to the ongoing vaccination campaign should not be discouraged, while awaiting for more definitive data from large-scale surveillance studies.