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  • ||||||||||  Chronogesic (sufentanil) / Durect
    Journal:  Use of esketamine for tracheoscopic drug injection: a randomized controlled trial. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 15, 2024   
    Sufentanil may induce hypotensive bradycardia and other adverse reactions in elderly patients during anesthesia, while esketamine exhibits sedative and analgesic effects with minimal impact on respiration and circulation...The heart rate and oxygen saturation showed no significant differences between the two groups, nor did the amount of propofol administered during the procedure. The utilization of esketamine during the induction phase of bronchoscopy and lavage under general anesthesia can enhance hemodynamic stability and reduce the occurrence of hypotension, thereby facilitating postoperative anesthetic recovery.
  • ||||||||||  Eladur (bupivacaine) / Amneal
    Preclinical, Journal:  Intrathecal anesthesia prevents ventricular arrhythmias in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 3, 2024   
    The science and mechanism of intrathecal catheter tip-associated mass formation and associated clinical research correlates are reviewed in detail, and explanations for this phenomenon are proposed based on histochemical analysis of the patient's pathology findings. Our results indicate that intrathecal bupivacaine blunts spinal neural activity to prevent cardiac arrhythmia and dysfunction induced by IR and that this anti-arrhythmic activity may be associated with regulation of autonomic balance, myocardial apoptosis and autophagy, and cardiac gap junction function.
  • ||||||||||  baclofen / Generic mfg.
    Safety verification of high-dose intrathecal baclofen in rats (Exhibit Hall) -  Jun 25, 2024 - Abstract #ASA2024ASA_402;    
    Conversely, intrathecal bupivacaine used at clinical concentrations is safe. The present results showed that baclofen is safe even at 12000 ?g/ml (i.e., 20 times higher than the highest recommended clinical concentration).
  • ||||||||||  Eladur (bupivacaine) / Amneal
    Clinical, Journal:  The effect of adding dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone to bupivacaine-fentanyl mixture in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 26, 2024   
    This study investigated the effect of adding either dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone to the intrathecal bupivacaine-fentanyl mixture on the postoperative analgesia duration, after elective cesarean section...The time to the first request of morphine rescue analgesia was recorded, in addition to the total dose of morphine consumed in the first 24 h after surgery, the postoperative numerical rating score (NRS), and maternal and fetal outcomes...There was an insignificant difference between the control and dexamethasone groups. The use of dexmedetomidine as an additive to bupivacaine-fentanyl mixture in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section prolonged the postoperative analgesia and decreased the postoperative opioid consumption in comparison to the addition of dexamethasone or normal saline.
  • ||||||||||  DUR-928 / Durect
    Review, Journal:  Larsucosterol: Endogenous Epigenetic Regulator for Treating Chronic & Acute Liver Diseases. (Pubmed Central) -  Feb 21, 2024   
    Furthermore, we elucidate the pathophysiological pathways of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Diseases (MASLD), Metabolic Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), and acute liver injuries. A central focus of the review is the exploration of the therapeutic potential of 25HC3S in treating life-threatening conditions, including acetaminophen overdose, endotoxin shock, MASLD, MASH, hepatectomy, and alcoholic hepatitis.
  • ||||||||||  fentanyl citrate / Generic mfg.
    Journal:  Fentanyl Versus Ondansetron for Shivering Prevention in Cesarean Section: A Comparative Study. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 13, 2023   
    The administration of intrathecal fentanyl and intravenous ondansetron significantly reduced the occurrence of shivering during spinal anesthesia in cesarean section patients. This study contributes to advancing knowledge in the field by providing evidence of the preventative effects of these medications on post-spinal anesthesia shivering.
  • ||||||||||  Chronogesic (sufentanil) / Durect
    Characterizing neurons in anesthetized macaque V1 with multi-photon imaging via a chronically implanted window (WCC Halls A-C) -  Nov 3, 2023 - Abstract #Neuroscience2023NEUROSCIENCE_2473;    
    After 26 days, during which two recovery imaging sessions were carried out to assess wide-field functional architecture (eye dominance and orientation domains), a multi-day, terminal 2-photon imaging session commenced under anesthesia (sufentanil, isoflurane), with paralysis to reduce eye movement...We aim to further test this with both multi-photon imaging and high-density electrode recording. In addition to reporting our clustering results, we will describe our novel chronic imaging window and wide-field imaging system.
  • ||||||||||  DUR-928 / Durect
    Trial completion, Trial completion date:  DUR-928/AH: DUR-928 in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Oct 18, 2023   
    P2,  N=43, Completed, 
    In addition to reporting our clustering results, we will describe our novel chronic imaging window and wide-field imaging system. Recruiting --> Completed | Trial completion date: Sep 2024 --> Sep 2023
  • ||||||||||  Eladur (bupivacaine) / Amneal
    Retrospective data, Journal:  Bupivacaine Dosing for Cesarean Delivery in Parturients of Short Stature: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. (Pubmed Central) -  May 29, 2023   
    The primary outcome was dose of intrathecal bupivacaine...All but one patient of short stature achieved an adequate surgical level; there were no instances of high spinal blockade. Adequate surgical anesthesia was achieved with reduced dosing of spinal bupivacaine in parturients of short stature without an increase in adverse outcomes.
  • ||||||||||  DUR-928 / Durect, cenicriviroc (TBR-652) / Takeda, AbbVie
    Review, Journal:  Emerging Pharmacotherapies in Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 18, 2023   
    Their result could potentially make a difference in the clinical course of the disease. DUR-928 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor had promising results and further trials are ongoing to evaluate their efficacy in the large patient sample.
  • ||||||||||  Eladur (bupivacaine) / Amneal, Chirocaine (levobupivacaine) / Purdue, AbbVie
    Journal:  A Comparison Between Intrathecal Levobupivacaine and Bupivacaine for Quality and Safety During Infraumbilical Surgeries. (Pubmed Central) -  Nov 26, 2022   
    Conclusion Our study revealed that 15 mg of isobaric levobupivacaine (3 mL of 0.5%), the new racemic isomer of bupivacaine, was intermediate in its anesthetic properties when compared to isobaric bupivacaine and hyperbaric bupivacaine. The onset of sensory and motor blockade is slower than hyperbaric bupivacaine but faster than isobaric bupivacaine with a higher level of maximum sensory block.
  • ||||||||||  DUR-928 / Durect
    Trial completion date, Trial primary completion date:  DUR-928/AH: DUR-928 in Patients With Alcoholic Hepatitis (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Nov 9, 2022   
    P2,  N=36, Recruiting, 
    Clinical Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02450890. Trial completion date: Sep 2023 --> Sep 2024 | Trial primary completion date: Sep 2022 --> Sep 2023
  • ||||||||||  Chronogesic (sufentanil) / Durect
    Journal:  Stability of Morphine Sulfate-Clonidine and Sufentanil-Clonidine Mixtures. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 31, 2022   
    For the sufentanil-clonidine mixtures, the results show stability in syringes for seven days at 5 °C. Pump results show stability of seven days for low concentrations and 28 days for high concentrations.
  • ||||||||||  Eladur (bupivacaine) / Amneal, Prialt (ziconotide) / Jazz
    Intrathecal Bupivacaine And Ziconotide Via A Patient Therapy Manageras A Non-opioid Based Treatment For Chronic Pain (Hall C) -  Aug 15, 2022 - Abstract #ASA2022ASA_5060;    
    However, we sought a non-opioid therapeutic approach due to a number of complications associated with opioid based IT therapies such as granuloma formation, addiction, tachyphylaxis, dose escalation and drug dependency. This involved administration of bupivacaine mixed with ziconotide ( Prialt ®) via continuous infusion through an implanted intrathecal pump, while the patient also used a Patient Therapy Manager (PTM), a device similar to a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device, to bolus more medication on an as needed basis.
  • ||||||||||  Eladur (bupivacaine) / Amneal
    Anesthetic Management Of Parturients With Achondroplasia During Labor And Delivery (Virtual - Mobile App) -  Aug 15, 2022 - Abstract #ASA2022ASA_302;    
    While there is very limited information about the use of regional anesthesia in patients with achondroplasia, routine use of general anesthesia is not free of risks such as difficult airway management, and potentially denies the parturient the opportunity to witness the birth of their child. Neuraxial anesthesia was effective and safe in our series of achondroplastic parturients and should be considered.
  • ||||||||||  Eladur (bupivacaine) / Amneal, Instanyl (fentanyl) / Takeda
    Journal:  Spinal anesthesia in infants undergoing urologic surgery duration greater than 60 minutes. (Pubmed Central) -  Aug 12, 2022   
    A single-injection bupivacaine-only spinal anesthesia approach for urologic surgery lasting over an hour and up to 3 h is safe and effective in infants. Selecting appropriate candidates for SA should be a joint decision between the surgeon and the anesthesiologist.
  • ||||||||||  Eladur (bupivacaine) / Amneal
    Preclinical, Journal, IO biomarker:  Preventive Intrathecal Injection of Bupivacaine Alleviated Microglia Activation and Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 17, 2022   
    In this study, the preventive effects of intrathecal bupivacaine administration against neuropathic pain were revealed in a rat model of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI)...The relief of pain paralleled with the suppression of microglia M1 polarization, elevation of microglia M2 polarization, and inhibition of IRF5/P2X4R and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB in both the spinal cord dorsal horns and sciatic nerve. Our findings provide molecular and biochemical evidence for the anti-neuropathic effect of preventive bupivacaine.
  • ||||||||||  Chronogesic (sufentanil) / Durect
    Anesthetic management of a patient with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia for a caesarean section (Virtual Platform - Poster section) -  Jun 17, 2022 - Abstract #Euroanaesthesia2022Euroanaesthesia_529;    
    Medicated with nadolol and flecainide...A combined spinal-epidural anaeshtesia was performed and 8 mg of bupivacaine and 2 mcg of sufentanil were injected in the subarachnoid space.Throughout the surgery the cardiac rhythm remained sinus...If required, an α-adrenergic agonist such as phenylephrine can be used. After the procedure an adequate pain management is important.