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  • ||||||||||  PK/PD data, Review, Journal:  Intraocular drugs: pharmacokinetic strategies and the influence on efficacy and durability. (Pubmed Central) -  Sep 11, 2024   
    Recent phase 3 trials demonstrated modest improvements in durability, but failures that might be attributed to these strategies (conjugation and manufacturing processes) have occurred. Future drug development focuses on extending duration of action with implantable reservoirs (ranibizumab port delivery system), sustained release devices (tyrosine kinase inhibitors), and gene therapy.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Perspectives on the currently available pharmacotherapy for wet macular degeneration. (Pubmed Central) -  Jun 7, 2024   
    While current treatments for w-AMD have significantly advanced with the advent of anti-VEGF therapies, their limitations in terms of treatment burden and incomplete responses have spurred research into diverse alternative approaches. These innovative strategies offer hope for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare burdens, suggesting a promising future for w-AMD management.
  • ||||||||||  tarcocimab tedromer (KSI 301) / Kodiak Sciences
    Trial completion date, Trial termination, Trial primary completion date:  GLOW: A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal KSI-301 in Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) (clinicaltrials.gov) -  Nov 13, 2023   
    P3,  N=253, Terminated, 
    Trial completion date: Nov 2024 --> Aug 2023 | Active, not recruiting --> Terminated | Trial primary completion date: Nov 2023 --> Aug 2023; All patients completed the primary endpoint assessments. Additional follow-up after the primary endpoint was deemed not necessary by the Sponsor.
  • ||||||||||  pegcetacoplan intravitreal (APL-2 intravitreal) / Apellis
    Review, Journal:  Factors That Can Prolong Ocular Treatment Duration in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. (Pubmed Central) -  Jan 11, 2023   
    More effective and longer-lasting treatments are needed for wAMD to prolong drug action and reduce dosing frequency. Several strategies are under investigation and the prevention of vision loss in patients with AMD or other retinal diseases may be attainable in the near future.
  • ||||||||||  pegcetacoplan intravitreal (APL-2 intravitreal) / Apellis
    Journal:  Investigational drugs in clinical trials for macular degeneration. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 19, 2022   
    The most promising future therapies for eAMD, are those that target, more potently inhibit and have a more sustained effect on the VEGF pathway such as KSI-301, RGX-314, CLS-AX, EYEP-1901, OTX-TKI...Inhibiting phagocytic activity of retinal microglial/macrophages at the border of GA and reducing complement derived activators of microglial/macrophage is the most promising strategy. Complement inhibitors (Pegcetacoplan and Avacincaptad pegol) will likely obtain FDA approval but will serve to pave the way for combined complement and direct phagocytic inhibitors such as AVD-104.
  • ||||||||||  iridescimab vidros (KSI 301) / Kodiak Sciences
    Journal:  KSI-301: an investigational anti-VEGF biopolymer conjugate for retinal diseases. (Pubmed Central) -  May 7, 2022   
    Despite varied results in the phase 2b/3 study for nAMD, there is potential for KSI-301 to serve as a durable therapy for VEGF-mediated retinal disorders. Ongoing phase 3 trials for nAMD, DME and RVO will provide additional evidence on its efficacy, duration and safety profiles.
  • ||||||||||  Clinical, Review, Journal:  Next-generation anti-VEGF agents for diabetic macular oedema. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 19, 2022   
    In this manuscript, we cover pharmacodynamics, preliminary results from clinical trials, and safety behavior about brolucizumab, faricimab, conbercept, KSI-301, and port-delivery system WR42221. These treatments might present the first step to control the global epidemic of diabetic eye disease in real life.
  • ||||||||||  Review, Journal:  Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antagonists: Promising Players in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. (Pubmed Central) -  Dec 16, 2021   
    Sustained-release anti-VEGF therapies include the ranibizumab Port Delivery System (in phase 3 studies), GB-102 (Phase 2b), OTX-TKI (phase 1), and Durasert (preclinical)...Genetic therapies in phase 1 studies include RGX-314 and ADVM-022, which introduce a viral vector that modifies the retina's cellular apparatus to create an anti-VEGF biofactory, potentially serving as a one-time treatment. Further investigation is warranted for drugs and delivery systems that hope to advance visual outcomes and reduce treatment burden of nAMD.
  • ||||||||||  Avastin (bevacizumab) / Roche
    Review, Journal:  Current and Future Anti-VEGF Agents for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 8, 2021   
    Newer and future anti-VEGF therapies aim to decrease injection frequency through eitherlonger half life or port-delivery systems (brolucizumab, conbercept, KSI-301, ranibizumab). This review outlines current anti-VEGF treatments and ways by which their duration might be extended.
  • ||||||||||  Eylea (aflibercept intravitreal) / Bayer, Regeneron
    Review, Journal:  Pipeline therapies for neovascular age related macular degeneration. (Pubmed Central) -  Oct 3, 2021   
    Those in the pipeline of VEGF targets include abicipar pegol (Abicipar; Allergan, Coolock, Dublin), OPT-302 (Opthea; OPTHEA limited; Victoria, Melbourne), conbercept (Lumitin; Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan), and KSI-301 (Kodiak Sciences, Palo Alto, CA)...Gene therapy present possible longer treatments options as well and are reviewed here. This paper will highlight the past approved medications as well as pipeline therapies for neovascular AMD.
  • ||||||||||  KSI 301 / Kodiak Sciences
    Review, Journal:  KSI-301: antibody biopolymer conjugate in retinal disorders. (Pubmed Central) -  Jul 23, 2021   
    This review article showcases the biophysical properties and ongoing trials related to KSI-301. Moreover, we discuss the efficacy and safety profile of KSI-301 on the basis of the results of available trials.
  • ||||||||||  Journal:  Emerging Therapies in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in 2020. (Pubmed Central) -  Apr 10, 2021   
    Nine other upcoming agents have at least produced results in the 2A phase including intravitreal injections (KSI-301, OPT-302, RGX-314, ICON-1, and DE-122), depot (GB-102), drug reservoir (PDS), topical drops (PAN-90806), and oral formulations (AKST4290). We summarize all the newer molecules.
  • ||||||||||  KSI 301 / Kodiak Sciences
    Characterization of Antibody Biopolymer Conjugate reveals superior biophysical properties compared to naked antibodies (Exhibit Hall: Posterboard# A0323) -  Mar 9, 2020 - Abstract #ARVO2020ARVO_4917;    
    Here, we present the biophysical characterization of KSI-301, a novel anti-VEGF ABC, which is currently in clinical testing for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases.Methods Intermolecular interactions of KSI-301 Conjugate or KSI-301 Protein (IgG only) were assessed by A2 (SEC-MALS) and KD (DLS) measurements at various pH and salt concentrations...These underlying biophysical properties may also contribute to the observed enhanced tissue penetration and improved ocular distribution seen for ABC. Altogether, our continuing studies demonstrate the ABC system is an important new platform with the potential to treat a wide array of retinal diseases.