- |||||||||| Cimduo (lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) / Cipla, Celltrion, Macleods, Viatris, Sun Pharma, Aurobindo, Hetero
New P4 trial: Effects of TDF/3TC/ANV on cardiovascular disease risk score and intestinal microecology in HIV-1 patients with dyslipidemia (EUDRACT) - Apr 2, 2025 P4, N=60, Not yet recruiting,
- |||||||||| Triumeq (dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine) / ViiV Healthcare, dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
Journal: Antibiotic prescription patterns and associated symptoms in children living with HIV at Arthur Davison Children's Hospital in Ndola, Zambia. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 5, 2025 Children who were on abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir regimen presented with more symptoms (48.8%) compared to those on tenofovir alafenamide/lamivudine/dolutegravir (21.0%) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/dolutegravir (18.2%) (p?=?0.006)...Co-trimoxazole was the most commonly (38.0%) prescribed, while erythromycin (2.0%) and Cephalexin (2.0%) were the least...Despite co-trimoxazole being the prophylactic drug among HIV-positive children, it was the most common antibiotic among children presenting with symptoms suggestive of an infection. This calls for the prudent use of co-trimoxazole to avoid its resistance.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
Distinct Metabolic and Inflammation Signatures in Urban vs Rural Ugandan Youth With HIV (Poster Hall) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_1450; Median viral load was 112 copies/mL, 52% rural vs 96% urban YPHIV had HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL, 93% of YPHIV were on TDF/3TC/DTG...The monocyte activation marker sCD14, was associated with HIV status and remained elevated in rural YPHIV even after adjusting for differences in HIV factors. Increasing the inclusion of rural populations in SSA is paramount as we focus on preventing cardiometabolic comorbidities in aging YPHIV.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
Enhanced Adherence Counselling Among Adolescents With Detectable Viremia in Cameroon (Poster Hall) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_1436; We herein evaluated the virological outcomes after enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) among ADLHIV with non-VS and low-level viremia (LLV) in the era of tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD) in Cameroon...Conclusions In LMICs transitioning to TLD, an effective EAC would substantially improve ART outcomes among ADLHIV experiencing non-VS. In context, LMICs are encouraged to accompany the transition to pediatric dolutegravir-containing regimens with a robust adherence support strategy for ADLHIV with detectable VL to achieve elimination of pediatric AIDS by 2030.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
Transitioning Adolescents With HIV to TDF/3TC+DTG Improves Virologic Outcome: CIPHER-ADOLA Study (Poster Hall) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_1433; However, VR occurs in some cases, especially when switching from a DTG-based regimens. Thus, scaling-up the transition of ADLHIV to TLD, regardless of previous exposure to TDF/3TC/EFV and baseline VL, would contribute to markedly decreasing, down toward eliminating paediatric AIDS.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
HIV Drug Resistance by Next-Generation Sequencing After Transition to TLD in Uganda and South Africa (Poster Hall) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_1321; Background Studies have identified an increased risk of dolutegravir (DTG) resistance in people with nucleos(t)ide (NRTI) resistance after transitioning from non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) to tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD)...However, no study participants, including those with resistance to TDF and 3TC at the time of TLD transition or 24 weeks later, had resistance to DTG at the 2-20% thresholds after one year on TLD. Conclusions In a cohort of approximately 1,000 people who transitioned from NNRTI-containing ART to TLD in public sector clinics in Uganda and South Africa, resistance to TDF and FTC at transition was not associated with emergent DTG resistance, including minority variants.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
Impact of Gestational Diabetes on Pregnancy Outcomes in South African Women Living With HIV (Poster Hall) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_1006; Methods The ORCHID study enrolled pregnant women with HIV (WLH) receiving tenofovir+lamivudine+dolutegravir and a comparison group of HIV-seronegative (HIV-) women (eligibility: age >16y, <18w gestational age (GA) at enrollment, not known with diabetes or hypertension) in Cape Town, South Africa...Conclusions These novel findings suggest that maternal HIV infection may attenuate the known effects of GDM on LGA deliveries. Further research is required to understand what mechanisms may drive such an attenuation, and more generally to the long-term implications of GDM diagnoses for WLH and their infants.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
Impact of TLD on Birth Outcomes in South African Women: The ORCHID Cohort (Poster Hall) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_1005; Background The global shift to tenofovir+lamivudine+dolutegravir (TLD) has improved viral suppression in women living with HIV (WLH) in pregnancy but there are limited data on birth outcomes with TLD use...For example, compared to women with normal BMI, women with class 1 obesity (BMI 30-35) experienced decreased odds of prematurity (AOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.96), LBW (AOR 0.49, 0.31-0.77), and SGA (AOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33-0.80); Obesity classes 2&3 (BMI >35) decreased the odds of LBW (AOR 0.57, 95% CI 0.37-0.88), and SGA (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23-0.61), and increased the odds of LGA (AOR 4.51, 95% CI 2.70-7.74). Conclusions These results suggest few meaningful differences in birth outcomes between WLH on TLD and HIV-negative women in this setting where both HIV and obesity are prevalent, while maternal BMI appears to be the major driver of birth outcomes in this cohort.
- |||||||||| Genvoya (elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) / Gilead, Cimduo (lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) / Cipla, Celltrion, Macleods, Viatris, Sun Pharma, Aurobindo, Hetero
Efficacy of Switching to Ainuovirine-Based Antiretroviral Regimen in Virologically Suppressed PWH (Poster Hall) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_901; Conclusions VS was well preserved in PWH with second- or third-line switch to ANV/3TC/TDF through 96 weeks. Immunologic outcomes might favor a "same-class" switch to ainuovirine-based regimen, and warranted further investigation into the changes in the viral reservoir and immune functionality of VS PWH switching antiretroviral regimen.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods, Rekambys (rilpivirine LA) / J&J, Cabenuva (cabotegravir long acting/rilpivirine long acting) / J&J, GSK, ViiV Healthcare, Pfizer, Shionogi
LA-ART for Breastfeeding Women With HIV in Zimbabwe: Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness (Poster Hall) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_635; We modeled 2 ART approaches immediately after delivery: standard of care (SOC: continuation of TLD) and LA-ART (switching from TLD to cabotegravir/rilpivirine [LA-CAB/RPV])...Conclusions LA-ART for breastfeeding women with adherence challenges to oral TLD could reduce infant infections. If efficacy is confirmed in postpartum women, LA-ART for women without viral suppression at delivery would improve outcomes and save money; for women with viral suppression, it would be cost-effective in Zimbabwe if costs were ?$7/month.
- |||||||||| Biktarvy (bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) / Gilead
Neuropsychiatric Outcomes in Adults With HIV and TB on Twice-Daily BIC/FTC/TAF With Rifampicin (Poster Hall) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_631; P2 6 and was reported in 73% of individuals in the BIC arm and 88% in the DTG arm. Conclusions The use of double-dose bictegravir was not significantly associated with a greater number of neuropsychiatric events than double-dose dolutegravir; and none of the identified events required neuropsychiatry interventions; treatment disruption or dose modifications in this study .
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods, Tivicay (dolutegravir) / ViiV Healthcare
Selection of Nucleocapsid Mutations With Virologic Failure of Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir (San Francisco Ballroom B) - Mar 3, 2025 - Abstract #CROI2025CROI_234; Conclusions This work provides the first clinical evidence of selection of NC mutations with TLD failure and of decreased DTG susceptibility from the combination of NC and IN mutations. Our findings support further investigation of the potential contributions of mutations outside of IN to VF of TLD.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods, Tivicay (dolutegravir) / ViiV Healthcare, lamivudine/zidovudine / Generic mfg.
Retrospective data, Journal: Resistance to Dolutegravir in Treatment-experienced Patients in South Africa: A Retrospective Cohort Study. (Pubmed Central) - Mar 3, 2025 Over 60% of patients with prior treatment experience who had been on dolutegravir-based ART for over two years and experienced virologic failure had intermediate or high level dolutegravir resistance. This suggests that criteria for GART used are too stringent, which has resource implications in programmatic settings where access to resistance testing for individual management is limited.
- |||||||||| Tivicay (dolutegravir) / ViiV Healthcare
Journal: Pharmaco-virological outcomes and genotypic resistance profiles among children and adolescents receiving a DTG-based regimen in Togo. (Pubmed Central) - Feb 5, 2025 Restricting switching to dolutegravir-based ART to PWH with a viral load <1000?copies/mL may reduce subsequent viremia and, consequently, the emergence of dolutegravir drug resistance mutations. These first findings in a large series of adolescents in a low-income country showed a good virological response of 80% and the presence of an integrase DRM in 9.4% of virological failures, supporting the need to monitor DTG drug resistance to reduce the risk of resistance acquisition.
- |||||||||| Valcyte (valganciclovir) / Roche, Mitsubishi Tanabe, dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods, Tivicay (dolutegravir) / ViiV Healthcare
Journal: Cutaneous Cytomegalovirus Ulcers in an Individual with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Case Report. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 20, 2024 After 2 weeks, antiretroviral therapy (ART) was reinitiated with Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Lamivudine, and Dolutegravir. A high index of suspicion should always be maintained for CMV cutaneous ulcers in individuals with advanced immunosuppression.
- |||||||||| Tivicay (dolutegravir) / ViiV Healthcare
Journal: Factors linked to virological failure in people on a dolutegravir-based regimen in Mamelodi. (Pubmed Central) - Nov 7, 2024 Since 2019, the World Health Organization has recommended dolutegravir-containing regimens for HIV in low- and middle-income countries because of its high genetic barriers to resistance, lower drug interactions, fewer side effects, higher viral load (VL) suppression rates and cost-effectiveness compared to efavirenz...The study highlights the importance of addressing adherence factors to improve VL suppression rates among people living with HIV on TLD. Tailored interventions targeting adherence, especially among newly initiated patients, and addressing the use of traditional or herbal and religious products are warranted to enhance treatment outcomes.
- |||||||||| Genvoya (elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) / Gilead, Cimduo (lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) / Cipla, Celltrion, Macleods, Viatris, Sun Pharma, Aurobindo, Hetero
SARS?CoV?2 vaccination and coronaviral disease 2019 in virologically suppressed people with HIV?1 previously on NNRTI?based antiretroviral regimen during the pandemic: the secondary longitudinal analysis of the SPRINT study, a multi?centre, randomised, active?controlled phase III trial (Virtual) - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_505; The SPRINT study population, a representative subset of virologically suppressed PWH, was well vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic. No severe or critical illness of COVID-19 occurred in this subpopulation, at a low incidence of testing positivity, and established or suspected diagnosis.
- |||||||||| tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Generic mfg.
Profiles of cardiac, liver, renal, musculoskeletal, and pancreatic safety in virologically suppressed people with HIV?1 switching to tenofovir DF?containing, ainuovirine?based antiretroviral regimen: the secondary analyses of 48?week results of the SPRINT trial, a randomised, active?controlled phase III study (Virtual) - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_474; Switches to ANV/3TC/TDF and EVG/c/FTC/TAF were both well tolerated in virologically suppressed PWHs. Liver and renal function tests showed an improving trend with both regimens, without clinically significant changes in cardiac, musculoskeletal and pancreatic measures observed.
- |||||||||| Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) / Gilead, Vitekta (elvitegravir) / Japan Tobacco, Gilead
Favourable cholesterol profile in virologically suppressed people with HIV?1 switching to tenofovir DF? containing, ainuovirine?based compared to tenofovir alafenamide?containing, boosted elvitegravir? based antiretroviral regimen: normocholesterolemic subgroup analyses of the SPRINT trial, a randomised, active?controlled phase III study (Virtual) - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_455; Background: In the SPRINT trial, virologically suppressed people with HIV-1 (PWHs) switched to tenofovir DF (TDF) containing, ainuovirine (ANV, ACC008) based or tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) containing, boosted elvitegravir (EVG/c) based antiretroviral (ARV) regimen (comparator) from an efavirenz-based regimen. In PWHs with baseline normocholesterolaemia, switching to a TDF-containing, ANV-based regimen resulted in less LDL-C increase and better lipidaemic control compared to a TAF-containing, EVG/c-based regimen.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
Changes in the ART coverage and viral suppression from 2020 to 2022 in Kyiv, Ukraine () - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_420; A large proportion of individuals switched ART in 2020 (46.8%) and 2021 (41.9%), the majority to tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir, compared with 9.8% switching in 2022... While the proportion of visits dropped during the first year of the war, ART coverage remained very high among those under follow-up, and the decrease in the fraction of virally suppressed in 2022 was mostly due to HIV-RNA tests not being performed.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods, Dovato (dolutegravir/lamivudine) / ViiV Healthcare
The impact of migratory patterns in a HIV care clinic of a tertiary hospital in Portugal () - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_382; At admission, 42.2% of migrants had detectable viraemia. This highlights an urgent need to ensure adequate follow-up of treatment and proper monitoring.
- |||||||||| Pifeltro (doravirine) / Merck (MSD)
No impact of the M184I/V mutation on the efficacy of tenofovir or abacavir+lamivudine+doravirine in HIV treatment?experienced people () - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_265; Baseline characteristics of the participants on tri-therapy according to the presence or not of M184V/I at baseline among switch participants (10 imputed datasets) M184V/I at baseline M184V/I at baseline Characteristic No (n = 293) n/N (%) or median (IQR) Yes (n = 45) n/N (%) or median (IQR) p-value Gender 0.3138 Male 191/293 (65.2) 33/45 (73.3) Female 102/293 (34.8) 12/45 (26.7) Viral subtype 0.5998 B 158/293 (53.9) 28/45 (62.2) CRF02 59/293 (20.2) 8/45 (17.8) Other non-B 76/293 (25.9) 9/45 (20.0) Nadir CD4 count (cells/mm3) 257 (130?409) 157 (42?318) 0.0246 CD4 count at baseline (cells/mm3) 620 (467?846) 616 (421?910) 0.9044 Doravirine co-treatment 0.5539 3TC+TDF 268/293 (91.5) 43/45 (95.6) 3TC+ABC 25/293 (8.5) 2/45 (4.4) GSS with doravirine (Stanford) 3.0 (3.0?3.0) 1.5 (1.0?2.0) <.0001 GSS with doravirine (ANRS) 3.0 (3.0?3.0) 2.0 (1.5?2.0) <.0001 Number of NNRTI mutations at baseline 0 (0?1) 1 (0?2) <.0001 Log zenith plasma HIV-1 RNA (log10 copies/ml) 4.9 (3.9?5.5) 4.9 (4.3?5.7) 0.5038 Note: p-values were obtained from Fisher's Exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon test for numeric variables. In antiretroviral-experienced PLWHIV switching to abacavir or tenofovir+lamivudine+doravirine in clinical practice, we found no evidence of an impact of the previously acquired M184I/V mutation on treatment response.
- |||||||||| Vemlidy (tenofovir alafenamide) / Gilead, Vitekta (elvitegravir) / Japan Tobacco, Gilead
Immunological efficacy and early response in virologically suppressed people with HIV?1 switching to tenofovir DF?containing, ainuovirine?based compared to tenofovir alafenamide?containing, boosted elvitegravir?based antiretroviral regimen: secondary immunological efficacy analyses of the SPRINT trial, a randomized, active?controlled phase III study (Virtual) - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_185; Immunological efficacy was comparable between virologically suppressed PWHs, switching to ANV/3TC/TDF and those to EVG/c/FTC/TAF, few of whom were severely immunocompromised at baseline. However, switch to ANV/3TC/TDF resulted in a favourable early immunological response within the first 12 weeks of switch, compared to that to EVG/c/FTC/TAF.
- |||||||||| Cimduo (lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) / Cipla, Celltrion, Macleods, Viatris, Sun Pharma, Aurobindo, Hetero
Virological outcomes and resistance profile in people with HIV?1 switching to ainuovirine? from NNRTI? based antiretroviral regimen containing two?NRTI backbone: the integrated efficacy analysis of the RACER?EXT and SPRINT studies, two multi?centre, randomized, active?controlled phase III trials (Virtual) - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_182; High proportion of virological suppression was achieved in PWH switching to ANV/3TC/TDF from previous efavirenz- or other NNRTI-based ARV regimens. Virological failure, including premature withdrawal due to lack of efficacy, and documented resistance-associated mutations were very occasionally (<1%) reported in PWH switch to ANV/3TC/TDF.
- |||||||||| tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Generic mfg.
Virological suppression, viral blip, low?level viraemia, and confirmed viraemia in virologically suppressed people with HIV?1 switching to tenofovir DF?containing, ainuovirine?based antiretroviral regimen: secondary, and subgroup virological efficacy analyses of the SPRINT trial, a randomized, active? controlled phase III study (Virtual) - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_175; High proportion of virological suppression was achieved in virologically suppressed PWHs switching to ANV/3TC/TDF non-inferior to EVG/c/FTC/TAF. Viral blip, LLV, and confirmed viraemia occasionally occurred, which normally did not require alteration of ART regimen.
- |||||||||| Vocabria (cabotegravir oral) / ViiV Healthcare, dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
HIV incident infections in a PrEP cohort (Virtual) - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_154; Although PrEP is highly effective, infrequent HIV incident infections occur. We found major RAMs to the PrEP regimen used in half of the acute infections in our cohort.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
The peripartum viral load cascade and outcomes of infants exposed to HIV in Lesotho () - Oct 26, 2024 - Abstract #HIVGlasgow2024HIV_Glasgow_132; There were gaps in the implementation of viral load monitoring in the priority population of pregnant and postpartum people with HIV. In combination with the suboptimal implementation of HIV testing among infants exposed to HIV, these gaps reflect a missed opportunity to improve prevention of vertical transmission of HIV.
- |||||||||| Descovy (emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) / Gilead, Cimduo (lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) / Cipla, Celltrion, Macleods, Viatris, Sun Pharma, Aurobindo, Hetero
Retrospective data, Journal: A case series of intermittent nucleoside analogue-based (NA) regimen to maintain HBV virological suppression in coinfected HBV/HIV patients with suppressed viremia. (Pubmed Central) - Oct 18, 2024 We suggest integrated screening and care for hyperglycemia and diabetes in HIV services, especially when initiating DTG regimens. This case series shows the potential for intermittent NA-containing regimens to maintain long-term control of HBV replication among suppressed HBV/HIV-1 patients.
- |||||||||| sofosbuvir/velpatasvir / Generic mfg.
A MULTICENTER REAL WORLD STUDY OF SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR FOR HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS () - Oct 15, 2024 - Abstract #AASLD2024AASLD_1229; Conclusions : DTG-based ART achieved excellent viral suppression among ART-na sofosbuvir/velpatasvir(SOF/ VEL),either as monotherapy or in combination with ribavirin(RBV),exhibited robust virologic response and favorable safety outcomes in the treatment of HIV/HCV coinfected patients.
- |||||||||| dolutegravir/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Cipla, Laurus Labs, Aurobindo, Viatris, Hetero, Macleods
WITHDRAWN Assessing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome among HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women: analysis from a cohort of women participating in two Individually randomized controlled trials in western Kenya (Convention Center - Room 343/344 (3rd Floor); In-Person-Only) - Oct 11, 2024 - Abstract #ASTMH2024ASTMH_1048; HIV-negative data was extracted from IMPROVE 1, a randomized, double-blind, three-arm trial conducted in regions with elevated sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Kenya. Data for HIV-positive women were extracted from IMPROVE 2, a randomized, double-blind, two-arm, placebo-controlled trial focused on monthly IPTp with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for malaria in HIV-infected participants on daily cotrimoxazole eligible for (or on) daily tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD) and with an undetectable viral load...HIV- positive women had increased odds of experiencing adverse pregnancy outcomes (AOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.85), miscarriage (AOR=1.83, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.77) and stillbirth (AOR =1.80, 95% CI: 1.16
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